Chapter Introduction
INTRODUCING THE SCIENCE OF NUTRITION
FOOD PROVIDES NUTRIENTS AND ENERGY
WHAT IS MALNUTRITION?
NUTRIENT INTAKE RECOMMENDATIONS
ENERGY RECOMMENDATIONS
NUTRITION SCIENCE IN ACTION
CREDIBLE SOURCES OF NUTRITION INFORMATION
HEALTH GOALS FOR AMERICANS
ASSESSING THE NORTH AMERICAN DIET
Chapter Review
Chapter Introduction
HEALTHY DIETS FEATURE VARIETY, BALANCE, ADEQUACY, AND MODERATION
UNDERSTANDING THE NUTRIENT DENSITY AND ENERGY DENSITY OF FOODS
LIMIT THESE: SOLID FATS AND ADDED SUGARS (SoFAS)
DIETARY GUIDELINES FOR AMERICANS
GLOBAL NUTRITION
UNDERSTANDING THE LABELING ON FOOD
FUTURE FOOD LABELS
Chapter Review
Chapter Introduction
OVERVIEW OF THE DIGESTIVE PROCESS
OVERVIEW OF MECHANICAL AND CHEMICAL DIGESTION
THE PATH OF DIGESTION FROM MOUTH TO LARGE INTESTINE
THE ROLE OF BACTERIA IN THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT
DIGESTIVE DISORDERS
IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME (IBS) AND INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE (IBD)
AWARENESS OF CELIAC DISEASE IS GROWING
Chapter Review
Chapter Introduction
WHAT ARE CARBOHYDRATES?
HOW GRAIN-BASED FOODS MEASURE UP
THE DIGESTION OF CARBOHYDRATES
ADDED SUGARS
DENTAL CARIES
SUGAR ALTERNATIVES
UNDERSTANDING FIBER
CARBOHYDRATE INTAKE RECOMMENDATIONS
Chapter Review
Chapter Introduction
WHAT IS DIABETES MELLITUS?
TYPE 2 DIABETES
DIABETES ON THE RISE
DIABETES TREATMENT AND PREVENTION
Chapter Review
Chapter Introduction
OVERVIEW OF THE LIPIDS
LIPID DIGESTION AND ABSORPTION
LIPOPROTEIN TRANSPORT
ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS
TRANS FATS AND FAT SUBSTITUTES
CURRENT FAT INTAKE AND RECOMMENDATIONS
KNOWLEDGE OF OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS IS GROWING
Chapter Review
Chapter Introduction
ATHEROSCLEROSIS AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
RISK FACTORS FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
A HEART-PROTECTIVE DIET
FAT INTAKE AND HEALTH—BEYOND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
Chapter Review
Chapter Introduction
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PROTEIN INTAKE
STRUCTURE OF PROTEIN
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
DIGESTION AND ABSORPTION OF PROTEINS
VARIED FUNCTIONS OF PROTEIN
PROTEIN TURNOVER AND NITROGEN BALANCE
SENIORS MAY BENEFIT FROM HIGHER INTAKES OF PROTEIN
PROTEIN QUALITY
PROTEIN-DEFICIENCY DISEASES
HIGH-PROTEIN DIETS
Chapter Review
Chapter Introduction
VEGETARIAN AND SEMI-VEGETARIAN DIETS
BENEFITS OF A DIET RICH IN PLANT FOODS
HOW CANCER DEVELOPS
BENEFITS OF PHYTOCHEMICALS
NUTRITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS AND CONCERNS ASSOCIATED WITH PLANT-BASED DIETS
PLANT-BASED AND VEGETARIAN GUIDELINES
HOW ARE ORGANIC FOODS DIFFERENT THAN CONVENTIONAL FOODS?
THE MEDITERRANEAN DIET
Chapter Review
Chapter Introduction
INTRODUCING THE VITAMINS
BIOAVAILABILITY AND SOLUBILITY
PROPERTIES OF FAT-SOLUBLE VITAMINS
VITAMIN D
VITAMIN A
ANTIOXIDANTS PROTECT AGAINST DAMAGE FROM FREE RADICALS
VITAMIN E
VITAMIN K
Chapter Review
Chapter Introduction
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE WATER-SOLUBLE VITAMINS
THE B VITAMINS
CHOLINE
VITAMIN C
Chapter Review
Chapter Introduction
WHAT ARE DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS?
REGULATION OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS
UNDERSTANDING SUPPLEMENT LABELS
ARE DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS HARMFUL?
PROS AND CONS OF HERBAL SUPPLEMENTS
FUNCTIONAL FOODS
LET THE BUYER BEWARE
Chapter Review
Chapter Introduction
OVERVIEW OF THE MINERALS
MINERAL ABSORPTION AND BIOAVAILABILITY
MINERALS IN OUR FOOD
CALCIUM, MAGNESIUM, AND PHOSPHORUS HAVE DIVERSE STRUCTURAL ROLES IN THE BODY
SULFUR IS A COMPONENT OF PROTEINS
SODIUM, POTASSIUM, AND CHLORIDE MAINTAIN FLUID BALANCE IN THE BODY
WATER
WATER INTAKE RECOMMENDATIONS
Chapter Review
Chapter Introduction
INTRODUCING THE TRACE MINERALS
IODINE: SOURCES AND FUNCTIONS
IRON
ZINC
COPPER
SELENIUM
FLUORIDE
OTHER TRACE MINERALS: MANGANESE, MOLYBDENUM, AND CHROMIUM
ULTRATRACE MINERALS
Chapter Review
Chapter Introduction
ENERGY IN, ENERGY OUT
THE BIOLOGY OF HUNGER
A NEAT CAUSE OF WEIGHT GAIN
LIFESTYLE AND ENERGY BALANCE
WEIGHT LOSS RECOMMENDATIONS
A MORATORIUM ON THE CHAIR
Chapter Review
Chapter Introduction
COMPONENTS OF FITNESS
FUELING THE BODY
MEASURES OF EXERCISE INTENSITY
DIETARY CARBOHYDRATES FOR ENDURANCE EXERCISE
U.S. GYMNASTICS TEAM IN TRAINING
FEMALE ATHLETE TRIAD
BODY BUILDING
HYDRATING THE ATHLETE
SPORTS SUPPLEMENTS
PHYSICAL FITNESS: NOT JUST FOR ATHLETES
Chapter Review
Chapter Introduction
CHANGING NUTRITIONAL NEEDS
ENERGY AND NUTRIENT NEEDS DURING PREGNANCY
A HEALTHY PREGNANCY
FOOD SAFETY
POSTNATAL NUTRITION
NUTRITION DURING LACTATION
FORMULA FEEDING
NUTRITION FOR THE GROWING CHILD
IRON DEFICIENCY AND CORD CLAMPING
Chapter Review
Chapter Introduction
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT IN CHILDHOOD
WHAT ARE CHILDREN EATING?
NUTRITIONAL RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CHILDREN
NUTRIENTS OF CONCERN IN CHILDHOOD
CHILDHOOD OBESITY
FOOD ALLERGIES
Chapter Review
Chapter Introduction
GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT, AND NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS IN LATE ADOLESCENCE
CALCIUM
IRON
DETERMINANTS OF EATING BEHAVIOR
EATING CHALLENGES ON CAMPUS
EATING DISORDERS
ALCOHOL
A SUCCESSFUL TRANSITION TO COLLEGE LIFE
Chapter Review
Chapter Introduction
A BRIEF HISTORY OF FOOD SAFETY IN AMERICA
FOODBORNE INTOXICATION AND INFECTION
ENGINEERING FOOD SAFETY: HACCP AND IRRADIATION
FOOD SAFETY AND MODERNIZATION ACT
FOOD SAFETY IN THE HOME
BEYOND FOOD SAFETY: FOOD SECURITY
Chapter Review
Chapter Introduction
WHAT HAPPENS WHEN WE AGE?
LIFE EXPECTANCY AND LIFESPAN
BLUE ZONES
ENERGY NEEDS AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
SPECIAL NUTRITIONAL CONCERNS FOR OLDER ADULTS
NUTRIENT RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SENIORS
STUDYING THE ADVENTIST LIFESTYLE FOR CLUES TO LONGEVITY
MAINTAINING PHYSICAL STRENGTH FOR A LIFETIME
BLUE ZONE SECRETS
Chapter Review
Nutrition: FOR A CHANGING WORLD
About the Authors
Table of Contents
Authors' Letter
A fresh approach to the introductory nutrition course
Acknowledgements
Chapter Introduction
OVERVIEW OF ENERGY METABOLISM
THE BREAKDOWN OF GLUCOSE
FATTY ACID OXIDATION OCCURS IN THE MITOCHONDRIAL MATRIX
KETOGENESIS
AMINO ACID METABOLISM
ALCOHOL METABOLISM
FEASTING AND FASTING CYCLE—COORDINATING METABOLIC ADAPTATIONS IN PATHWAYS OF ENERGY METABOLISM
INBORN ERRORS OF METABOLISM
Appendix 1
Appendix 2: CONVERSIONS
Appendix 3: VITAMINS AND MINERALS DIRECTLY INVOLVED IN ENERGY METABOLISM
Glossary
Index
REFERENCES