Table of Contents
BRIEF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1 The Science and Scope of Nutrition
CHAPTER 2 Healthy Diets
CHAPTER 3 Digestion
CHAPTER 4 Carbohydrates
CHAPTER 5 Nutrition and Diabetes
CHAPTER 6 The Lipids
CHAPTER 7 Lipids in Health and Disease
CHAPTER 8 Protein
CHAPTER 9 Plant-
CHAPTER 10 Fat-
CHAPTER 11 Water-
CHAPTER 12 Dietary Supplements
CHAPTER 13 Major Minerals and Water
CHAPTER 14 Trace Minerals
CHAPTER 15 Energy Balance and Obesity
CHAPTER 16 Nutrition and Fitness
CHAPTER 17 Nutrition for Pregnancy, Breastfeeding, and Infancy
CHAPTER 18 Childhood Nutrition
CHAPTER 19 The College Years
CHAPTER 20 Food Safety and Food Security
Appendix 1: Dietary Reference Intakes for Individuals
Appendix 2: Conversions
Answers
Glossary
References
Index
CONTENTS
Authors’ Letter
Acknowledgments
CHAPTER 1
The Science and Scope of Nutrition
Exploring the Science of Nutrition
A new field of nutrition research is revealing surprising details about how food affects our genes.
Introducing the Science of Nutrition
Food Provides Nutrients and Energy
What Is Malnutrition?
Nutrient Intake Recommendations
Energy Recommendations
Nutrition Science in Action
Credible Sources of Nutrition Information
Health Goals for Americans
Assessing the North American Diet
CHAPTER 2
Healthy Diets
From Desert to Oasis
Are “food deserts” preventing millions of Americans from eating well?
Healthy Diets Feature Variety, Balance, Adequacy and Moderation
Understanding the Nutrient Density and Energy Density of Foods
Limit These: Solid Fats and Added Sugars (SoFAS)
Dietary Guidelines for Americans
Global Nutrition
Understanding the Labeling on Food
Future Food Labels
CHAPTER 3
Digestion
A Gut Feeling
Is gluten really all that bad?
Overview of the Digestive Process
Overview of Mechanical and Chemical Digestion
Path of Digestion from Mouth to Large Intestine
The Role of Bacteria in the Gastrointestinal Tract
Digestive Disorders
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) and Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
Awareness of Celiac Disease Is Growing
CHAPTER 4
Carbohydrates
Whole Grain Hype
Can science help us navigate the perils of the cereal aisle?
What Are Carbohydrates?
How Grain-
The Digestion of Carbohydrates
Added Sugars
Dental Caries
Sugar Alternatives
Understanding Fiber
Carbohydrate Intake Recommendations
CHAPTER 5
Nutrition and Diabetes
Medical Miracles
Nearly 100 years ago, a discovery revolutionized medicine —and saved millions of children as a result.
What Is Diabetes Mellitus?
Type 2 Diabetes
Diabetes on the Rise
Diabetes Treatment and Prevention
CHAPTER 6
The Lipids
The Skinny on Fat
How native Greenlanders with a passion for seal blubber showed the world that not all lipids are created equal.
Overview of the Lipids
Lipid Digestion and Absorption
Lipoprotein Transport
Essential Fatty Acids
Trans Fats and Fat Substitutes
Current Fat Intake and Recommendations
Knowledge of Omega-3 Fatty Acids Is Growing
CHAPTER 7
Lipids in Health and Disease
Death in Bogalusa
From tragic deaths in a southern town, insights into heart disease.
Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Disease
Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease
A Heart-
Fat Intake and Health—
CHAPTER 8
Protein
How Much of a Good Thing Do We Need?
Experts consider how much protein is best for us all.
Recommendations for Protein Intake
Structure of Protein
Protein Synthesis
Digestion and Absorption of Proteins
Varied Functions of Protein
Protein Turnover and Nitrogen Balance
Seniors May Benefit from Higher Intakes of Protein
Protein Quality
Protein-
High-
CHAPTER 9
Plant-
Pass the Plants, Please
What does a Spanish study say about the benefits of following a Mediterranean-
Vegetarian and Semi-
Benefits of a Diet Rich in Plant Foods
How Cancer Develops
Benefits of Phytochemicals
Nutritional Considerations and Concerns Associated with Plant-
Plant-
How Are Organic Foods Different than Conventional Foods?
The Mediterranean Diet
CHAPTER 10
Fat-
Soak up the Sun?
An ailing gorilla inspires a lifelong interest in the vitamins.
Introducing the Vitamins
Bioavailability and Solubility
Properties of Fat-
Vitamin D
Vitamin A
Antioxidants Protect Against Damage from Free Radicals
Vitamin E
Vitamin K
CHAPTER 11
Water-
It’s Not a Germ
Pioneering research uncovers vitamin deficiency diseases.
Characteristics of the Water-
The B Vitamins
Choline
Vitamin C
CHAPTER 12
Dietary Supplements
Supplements, Herbs and Functional Foods
Surprising studies on the value of vitamin supplements.
What Are Dietary Supplements?
Regulation of Dietary Supplements
Understanding Supplement Labels
Are Dietary Supplements Harmful?
Pros and Cons of Herbal Supplements
Functional Foods
Let the Buyer Beware
CHAPTER 13
Major Minerals and Water
Potassium Power
Eating a diet low in sodium and rich in potassium may offer protection from hypertension.
Overview of the Minerals
Mineral Absorption and Bioavailability
Minerals in Our Food
Calcium, Magnesium, and Phosphorus Have Diverse Structural Roles in the Body
Sulfur Is a Component of Proteins
Sodium, Potassium, and Chloride Maintain Fluid Balance in the Body
Water
Water Intake Recommendations
CHAPTER 14
Trace Minerals
Small Quantities with Big Importance
How lack of trace minerals can wreak havoc on your health.
Introducing the Trace Minerals
Iodine: Sources and Functions
Iron
Zinc
Copper
Selenium
Fluoride
Other Trace Minerals: Manganese, Molybdenum, and Chromium
Ultratrace Minerals
CHAPTER 15
Energy Balance and Obesity
The Sitting Disease
Understanding the causes and consequences of obesity.
Energy In, Energy Out
The Biology of Hunger
A NEAT Cause of Weight Gain
Lifestyle and Energy Balance
Weight Loss Recommendations
A Moratorium on the Chair
CHAPTER 16
Nutrition and Fitness
Eating to Win
Research suggests that when athletes eat may be just as important as what they eat.
Components of Fitness
Fueling the Body
Measures of Exercise Intensity
Dietary Carbohydrates for Endurance Exercise
U.S. Gymnastics Team in Training
Female Athlete Triad
Body Building
Hydrating the Athlete
Sports Supplements
Physical Fitness: Not Just for Athletes
CHAPTER 17
Nutrition for Pregnancy, Breastfeeding, and Infancy
Nourishing Mother and Baby
New research suggests that delaying cord clamping after birth preserves iron status.
Changing Nutritional Needs
Energy and Nutrient Needs During Pregnancy
A Healthy Pregnancy
Food Safety
Postnatal Nutrition
Nutrition During Lactation
Formula Feeding
Nutrition for the Growing Child
Iron Deficiency and Cord Clamping
CHAPTER 18
Childhood Nutrition
Food Allergies and Intolerances
As paradoxical as it might seem, could dirt and germs make children healthier for life?
Growth and Development in Childhood
What Are Children Eating?
Nutritional Recommendations for Children
Nutrients of Concern in Childhood
Childhood Obesity
Food Allergies
CHAPTER 19
The College Years
Determinants of Eating Behavior,
Disordered Eating, and Alcohol
How food choices are influenced by social norms.
Growth, Development, and Nutrient Requirements in Late Adolescence
Calcium
Iron
Determinants of Eating Behavior
Eating Challenges on Campus
Eating Disorders
Alcohol
A Successful Transition to College Life
CHAPTER 20
Food Safety and Food Security
Stomach Troubles
How a series of food crises transformed the U.S. food protection system.
A Brief History of Food Safety in America
Foodborne Intoxication and Infection
Engineering Food Safety: HACCP and Irradiation
Food Safety and Modernization Act
Food Safety in the Home
Beyond Food Safety: Food Security
Appendix 1: Dietary Reference Intakes for Individuals
Appendix 2: Conversions
Answers
Glossary
References
Index