Producing a textbook is a large-scale effort and requires the work of many dedicated professionals with differing disciplines and talents. The authors and publishers of this book are indebted to science writer Melinda Wenner Moyer for writing Chapters 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 17, and 18, and for revising Chapter 3. We also thank science writer Matt Tontonoz for writing Chapters 4, 15, 16, 19, 20, and 21. We thank our delightful publisher Peter Marshall, and our marketing expert Shannon Howard. Beth Marsh, Blythe Robbins, and Andrea Gawrylewski contributed significant editorial expertise to the project—editing, art, text, and media. Karen Misler is a whiz at scheduling. Edgar Doolan did a terrific job managing the production end of the project. Eli Ensor did a fantastic job of translating our art ideas into reality. We thank Tom Carling for his text and cover design. Lori Stover jumped into the project with enthusiasm and did an amazing job producing the online diet analysis activities and other media components.

We couldn’t produce a book without the guidance of instructors from the nutrition community. For all of you who have read chapters and offered your advice and constructive criticism, thank you! We’d like to acknowledge Annie Wetter, PhD, in particular, who did an excellent job of helping confirm accuracy and providing content advice. Thanks to Lena Goodwin for coordinating all of the chapter reviews.

Two other individuals were very helpful in pulling together essential book components: Hannah Packman compiled the references and glossary for the book, and Aileen McAinsh, PhD, RD, composed the preliminary glossary terms. We thank Anne Cioffi of Hudson Valley Community College for writing the diet analysis activities found at the end of the chapters. In addition to the invaluable contributions of the individuals above, the support and patience of our families and friends amidst long hours and deadlines made this endeavor possible. In particular, Jamie Pope would like to thank her husband, Mark Petty; daughters, Sarah and Glory; and her mother, Nancy Houge. Steve Nizielski would like to thank his wife Myra, and sons Connor and Colin.

We thank the instructors who created course materials in support of this textbook.

Jennifer Bess, Hillsborough Community College, Test Bank

Wendy Buchan, California State University–Sacramento, Animations and Lecture Presentation Slides

Anne Cioffi, Hudson Valley Community College, SuperTracker Activities

Michelle Hesse, James Madison University, LearningCurve

Sharon Himmelstein, Central New Mexico Community College, SuperTracker Activities

Kara Montgomery, University of South Carolina, Test Bank

Elizabeth Quintana, West Virginia University, LearningCurve

Padmini Shankar, Georgia Southern University, Test Bank

Stephen Sowulewski, J. Sargeant Reynolds Community College, Consumer Activities and Clicker Questions

Kirsten Straughan, University of Illinois–Chicago, Test Bank

Janet Tou, West Virginia University, Test Bank

Priya Venkatesan, Pasadena City College, Curated Videos

We thank the many reviewers who aided in the development of this text.

Patricia Abraham, Arkansas State University

Kwaku Addo, Prairie View A&M University

Valerie Adegunleye, Prince Georges Community College

Ann Afflerbach, University of North Texas

Jeremy Akers, James Madison University

Katherine Alaimo, Michigan State University

Lisa Alastuey, University of Houston

Michelle Alexander, Thomas Nelson Community College

Minda Allarde, Rockland Community College–SUNY

Amy Allen-Chabot, Anne Arundel Community College

Jatin Ambegaonkar, George Mason University

Audrey Anastasia, University of New Hampshire–Manchester

Susan Anspaugh, Trine University

Linda Armstrong, Normandale Community College

Vikki Armstrong, Fayetteville State University

Malene Arnaud, Delgado Community College

Michele Ball, Louisiana State University

Jessica Bandy, Radford University

Jinan Banna, University of Hawaii–Manoa

Carol Barnes, Mississippi College

Ana Barreras, Central New Mexico Community College

Kristin Bartholomew, Valencia Community College–West

Jimikaye Beck, Metropolitan State College of Denver

Jeannemarie Beiseigel, University of St. Thomas

Tania Beliz, College of San Mateo

Marilee Benore, Univiersity of Michigan Dearborn

James Bemel, Utah Valley University

Lindsey Benucci, J. Sargeant Reynolds Community College–Downtown

Brenda Bertrand, East Carolina University

Samuel Besong, Delaware State University

Jennifer Bess, Hillsborough Community College

Gregory Biren, Rowan University–Glassboro

Anne Black, Austin Peay State University

Laurie E. Black, Arizona Western College

Craig James Blalock, Delgado Community College

Cynthia Blocksom, Northern Kentucky University

Shoshana Bobker, City University of New York–Bronx Community College

Linda Boire, Nassau Community College

Joye Bond, Minnesota State University–Mankato

Tracy Bonoffski, University of North Carolina–Charlotte

Adelia Bovell-Benjamin, Tuskegee University

Carmen Boyd, Missouri State University–Springfield

Mark Brandenburger, J. Sargeant Reynolds Community College–Downtown

Karen Brasfield, Texas State University–San Marcos

Cindi Brassington, Quinebaug Valley Community College

Barbara Brehm-Curtis, Smith College

Patricia Brevard, James Madison University

Anne Bridges, University of Alaska–Anchorage

Tracey Brigman, University of Georgia

Molly Brignall, Highline Community College

Ardith Brunt, North Dakota State University

Wendy Buchan, California State University–Sacramento

Nancy Buffum-Herman, Monroe Community College

Michael Burg, California State University–San Marcos

Sandra Callan, Community College of Allegheny County

Jill Campbell, University of Texas–Tyler

Maria Carles, Northern Essex Community College

Diane Carson, Chapman University

Lisa Cassis, University of Kentucky

Thomas Castonguay, University of Maryland–College Park

Chimene Castor, Trinity University

Erin Caudill, Southeast Community College

Melissa Chabot, State University of New York–Buffalo

Wen-Hsing Cheng, University of Maryland–College Park

Susan Chou, American River College

Dori Cinque, Suffolk County Community College–Grant

Anne Cioffi, Hudson Valley Community College

Nicole Clark, Indiana University of Pennsylvania

Nica Clark, Southern Utah University

Mary Clark, Monroe Community College

Donna Clark-Salmonson, Sierra College

Beth Collins, Iowa Central Community College

Janet Colson, Middle Tennessee State University

Bert Connell, Loma Linda University

Kevin Cooper, Sacramento City College

Jessica Coppola, Sacramento City College

Michael Corcoran, Merrimack College

Margaret Craig-Schmidt, Auburn University

Tracy Crane, University of Arizona

Theresa Crossan, St. Joseph’s University

Cathy Hix Cunningham, Tennessee Technological University

Christopher D’Arcy, Cayuga Community College

Eileen Daniel, State University of New York College–Brockport

Sarah Darrell, Ivy Tech Community College–Gary

Patricia Davidson, West Chester University of Pennsylvania

Mandi Joy Davidson, Ivy Tech Community College–Lafayette

Ann Deblinger, Passaic County Community College

Ann Diker, Metropolitan State College of Denver

Robert DiSilvestro, Ohio State University–Columbus

Betty Dixon, Armstrong Atlantic State University

Christine Dobrowolski, College of the Redwoods

Heidi Dodson, North Greenville University

Rebecca Dority, Texas Christian University

Maggi Dorsett, Butte College

Courtney Dowell, Thomas Nelson Community College

Kamal Dulai, University of California–Merced

Rachelle Duncan, Oklahoma State University

Stephanie Durbin, Thomas Nelson Community College

Nancy Eckert, Lakes Region Community College

Michelle Eggers, Appalachian State University

Dorelle Engel, Montgomery College–Rockville

Barb Erfurt, Glendale Community College

Carol Erwin, Wayne State College

Alyson Escobar, Montgomery College

Claudia Fajardo, California State University–Northridge

Olubisi Faoye, Miami Dade College–Wolfson

Allen Farrand, Bellevue College

David Fell, Rockland Community College

Maria Pontes Ferreira, Wayne State University

Mark Finke, Monroe Community College

Linda Fleming, Middlesex Community College

Jerald Foote, Metropolitan State University of Denver

Jana Fowler, Muscatine Community College

Laura Frank, Immaculata University

Jeannie Frazier, Jacksonville State University

Jennifer Frere, Cuesta College

Siah Fried, Las Positas College

Karen Gabrielsen, Everett Community College

Jared Garbutt, American River College

Mario Garcia-Rios, Mount Ida College

Meghan Garrett, J. Sargeant Reynolds Community College–Downtown

Jenny Gernhart, Iowa Central Community College

Heather Gibbs, University of Kansas Medical Center

Susan Gills, Metropolitan State College of Denver

Sandria Godwin, Tennessee State University

Jill Golden, Orange Coast College

Jana Gonsalves, American River College

Debra Goodwin, Jacksonville State University

Kristin Goss, Erie Community College–City

Debalina Goswami, Texas Tech University

Artis Grady, Southern Utah University

Nancy Graves, University of Houston

Margaret Gunther, Palomar College

Evette Hackman, Seattle Pacific University

Sandra Haggard, University of Maine–Augusta

Kristi Haik, Northern Kentucky University

Paul Hankamp, College of San Mateo

Thorton Hannah, Texas State University–San Marcos

Tanya Hargrave-Klein, Des Moines Area Community College–Boone

Charlene Harkins, University of Minnesota–Duluth

Nancy Harris, East Carolina University

Clifton Harris, West Hills College–Lemoore

Stephanie Harris, Case Western Reserve University

Christy Hawkins, Thomas Nelson Community College

Jill Hayes, Cayuga Community College

Marianne Heffrin, Endicott College

Rachel Hermecz, Georgia Southern University

Lisa Herzig, California State University Fresno

Jennifer Herzog, Herkimer County Community College

Angela Hess, Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania

MIchelle Hesse, James Madison University

Elizabeth Hilliard, North Dakota State University

Sharon Himmelstein, Central New Mexico Community College

Linda Hittleman, Nassau Community College

Jessica Hodge, Folsom Lake College

Robert Hodge, Temple University

David Holben, Ohio University

Rachelle Holman, Carl Albert State College

Laura Horn, Cincinnati State Technical and Community College

Kevin Huggins, Auburn University

Robert Humphrey, Cayuga Community College

Nancy Hunt, Lipscomb University

Sarah Hunter, Delgado Community College

Deema Hussein, Eastfield College

Dianne Hyson, California State University–Sacramento

Dana Jacko, William Paterson University of New Jersey

Jean Jackson, Bluegrass Community and Technical College

Thunder Jalili, University of Utah

Maureen Jamgochian, College of the Canyons

Janine Jensen, Tulsa Community College–Southeast

Peggy Johnston, University of Nebraska–Kearney

Lanae Joubert, Eastern New Mexico University

J. Kaufman, Monroe Community College

Sanam Kazemi, California State University–Fullerton

Shawnee Kelly, Pennsylvania State University–York

Shahla Khan, University of North Florida

Debbie Kimberlin, Olivet Nazarene University

Cheri King, Community College of Denver

Vanessa King, American University

Darlenen (Dee) Kinney, University of Cincinnati–Clermont College

Lynn Parker Klees, Pennsylvania State University–York

Allen Knehans, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center

Michael Kobre, Cayuga Community College

Lisa Kobs, University of Wisconsin La Crosse

Wanda Koszewski, University of North Dakota

Dauna Koval, Bellevue College

Gina Kraft, Oklahoma Baptist University

Laura Kruskall, University of Nevada–Las Vegas

Amy Krystock, University of New Haven

Susan Kundrat, University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee

Deborah Kupecz, Community College of Denver

Colleen Kvaska, Fullerton College

Mustapha Lahrach, Hillsborough Community College

Kathleen Laquale, Bridgewater State College

Merilee Larsen, Utah Valley University

Gregory LeBlanc, Middlesex County College

Julie Lee, Western Kentucky University

Robert Leopard, Monroe Community College

Kristine Levy, Columbus State Community College

Michele Lewis, Virginia Tech

Yanyan Li, Husson College

Gina Liberti, Rockland Community College

Rosanna Licht, Pasco-Hernando Community College

David Lightsey, Bakersfield College

Ritamarie Little, California State University–Northridge

Geralyne Lopez-de-Victoria, Midlands Technical College–Airport

Lynne LoPresto, Dominican University of California

Donna Louie, University of Colorado–Boulder

Melinda Luis, Broward Community College–Central

Mary Lyons, El Camino College

Janna Lyons, Appalachian State University

Mara Manis, Hillsborough Community College

Terri Marcus, Chattanooga State Technical Community College

Cindy Marshall, Saddleback College

Rose Martin, Iowa State University

Theresa Martin, College of San Mateo

Virginia Martin, J. Sargeant Reynolds Community College–Ginter Park

Mary Martinez, Central New Mexico Community College

Pam Massey, University of Wisconsin–Centers-Marathon

Suresh Mathews, Auburn University

Sarah Mathot, Santa Ana College

Deborah Mautone, Dutchess Community College

Dorothy Chen Maynard, California State University– San Bernardino

Dale McCabe, Pasadena City College

Jackie McClelland, North Carolina State University

Carrie McConnell, Community College of Aurora

Myrtle McCulloch, Georgetown University

Richard McIntyre, Cayuga Community College SUNY System

Elizabeth Ellen McNeeley, Ivy Tech Community College–Kokomo

Mark Meskin, California State Polytechnic University–Pomona

Steven Mezik, Herkimer County Community College

Allison Miner, Prince Georges Community College

Jill Mohr, Heartland Community College

Kristin Moline, Lourdes College

Lynn Monahan, West Chester University of Pennsylvania

Kara Montgomery, University of South Carolina

Cherie Moore, Cuesta College

Megan Moran, West Virginia University

Paul Moore, Appalachian State University

Marianne Morano, County College of Morris

Sharon Morcos, Kansas State University

Holly Morris, Lehigh Carbon Community College

Gina Marie Morris, Frank Phillips College

Lisa Morse, Arizona State University

Elizabeth Morton, University of South Carolina–Salkehatchie Regional

Elaine Mostow, Bergen Community College

Megan Mullins, West Virginia Wesleyan College

Lee Murphy, The University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture

Adelaide Nardone, Fordham University–Rose Hill

Eddystone Nebel, Delgado Community College

Suzanne Nelson, The University of Colorado at Boulder

Steven Nizielski, Grand Valley State University

Carmen Nochera, Grand Valley State University

Claire Norton, University of Massachusetts–Amherst

Jason O’Briant, North Carolina Central University

Valerie O’Brien, Tulsa Community College–West

Jill O’Malley, Erie Community College–City

Karen Ostenso, University of Wisconsin–Stout

Milli Owens, College of the Sequoias

Catherine Palmer, Oklahoma State University– Oklahoma City

Gloria Payne, Middle Tennessee State University

Paula Perez, North Carolina Central University

Sara Plaspohl, Armstrong Atlantic State University

John Polagruto, Sacramento City College

Paola Puig, Hofstra University

Virginia Quick, James Madison University

Elizabeth Quintana, West Virginia University Health Science

Julian Raffoul, Emory University

Sudha Raj, Syracuse University

Marisa Ramos, Yuba Community College District

Linda Rankin, Idaho State University

Amanda Reat, Texas State University–San Marcos

Mike Reece, Ozarks Technical Community College

Tonia Reinhard, Wayne State University

Bruce Rengers, Metropolitan State College of Denver

Victoria Rethmeier, Southeast Community College

Tiffany Ann Ricci, University of Alaska–Juneau

Becky Roach, College of Lake County

Alexandra Paterson Robins, Ivy Tech Community College–Columbus

Jodi Robinson, Humber College–North

Linda Rodebaugh, University of Indianapolis

Judith Rodriguez, University of North Florida

Beverly Roe, Erie Community College–South

Elicia Rosen-Fox, City University of New York–Kingsborough Community College

Catharine Ross, Pennsylvania State University–York

Sara Long Roth, Southern Illinois University–Carbondale

Michael Rovito, University of Central Florida

Karla Rues, Ozarks Technical Community College

Dominique Ruggieri, Saint Joseph’s University

Thomas Russell, Delgado Community College

Kyle Ryan, Peru State College

Shauna Salvesen, Mesa Community College

Marie Schirmer, American River College

Laurie Schlussel, William Paterson University of New Jersey

Matthew Schmidt, Southern Utah University

Karen Schmitz, Madonna University

Doris Schomberg, Alamance Community College

Julie Schumacher, Heartland Community College

Lisa Searing, Illinois Wesleyan University

Padmini Shankar, Georgia Southern University

Banafshe Sharifian, California State University–Fullerton

Jyotsna Sharman, Radford University

Karen Shinville, Heartland Community College

Christine Sholtey, Waubonsee Community College

Denise Signorelli, College of Southern Nevada–Las Vegas

Cheryl Skinner, Central Carolina Community College

Carole Sloan, Henry Ford Community College

Martha Smallwood, Abilene Christian University

Nan Smith, American University

Dana Smith, Blinn College

Amy Snow, Greenville Technical College–Barton

Stephen Sowulewski, J. Sargeant Reynolds Community College–Downtown

Leslie Spencer, Rowan University–Glassboro

Jennifer Spry-Knutson, Des Moines Area Community College–Boone

Diane Stadler, Oregon Health Sciences University

Brenda Stagner, Butte College

Kathy Stanczyk, Murray State University

Jasia Steinmetz, University of Wisconsin–Stevens Point

Nicole Stob, University of Colorado–Boulder

Noelle Stock, State University of New York in Potsdam

Nikolaus Sucher, Northern Essex Community College

Larry Sullivan, Holmes Community College

Laura Taber, University of New Mexico

Jason Talanian, Fitchburg State College

Linda Tecklenburg, Wilmington College

Jennifer Temple, State University of New York–Buffalo

Norman Temple, Athabasca University

Kathy Timmons, Murray State University

Candice Tinsley, Chaffey Community College

Chris Todden, Baker University

Janet Tou, West Virginia University

Barb Troy, Marquette University

Kelly Twitchell, Mesa Community College

Ahondju Umadjela, Langston University

Wendy Unison-Pace, J. Sargeant Reynolds Community College–Downtown

Lindsay Upchurch, Oklahoma State University– Oklahoma City

Melinda Valliant, University of Mississippi

Benito Velasquez, Midwestern State University

Priya Venkatesan, Pasadena City College

Andrea Villarreal, Phoenix College

Paula Vineyard Most, John A Logan College

Eric Vlahov, University of Tampa

Ann Volk, Antelope Valley College

Susan Wakeman, Greenville Technical College–Barton

Laurie Wallace, Bakersfield College

Janelle Walter, Baylor University

Julie Walton, Calvin College

Daryle Wane, Pasco-Hernando Community College

Sue Ellen Warren, El Camino College

Dana Wassmer, Cosumnes River College

Diana Watson-Maile, East Central University

Sheldon Oliver Watts, Temple University

Kelly Webber, University of Kentucky

Jennifer Weddig, Metropolitan State University of Denver

Allisha Weeden, Idaho State University

Chris Wendtland, Monroe Community College

Lisa Werner, Pima Community College

Cynthia West, Marshalltown Community College

Stan Wilfong, Baylor University

Heather Williams, Truckee Meadows Community College

Kate Willson, East Carolina University

Amelia Wilson, Purdue University North Central

Stacie Wing-Gaia, University of Utah

Ka Wong, J. Sargeant Reynolds Community College–Downtown

Theopholieus Worrell, Delgado Community College

Linda Wright, University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee

Lauri Wright, University of South Florida–Tampa

Crystal Wynn, J. Sargeant Reynolds Community College–Downtown

Belinda Zeidler, Portland State University

Joseph Zielinski, SUNY College at Brockport