Highlighting and Annotating Visuals

Now, it is time to look more closely at visuals and to learn how to highlight and annotate them. Unlike highlighting and annotating a written text, marking a visual text involves focusing your primary attention not on any words that appear but on the images.

After previewing the visual by looking at its overall appearance, begin highlighting to identify key images—perhaps by starring, boxing, or circling them—and then consider drawing lines or arrows to connect related images. Next, go on to make annotations on the visual, commenting on the effectiveness of its individual images in communicating the message of the whole. As in the case of a written text, your annotations can be in the form of comments or questions.

The visual below shows how a student, Jason Savona, highlighted and annotated an advertisement for Grand Theft Auto IV, a popular violent video game.

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Rockstar North, Advertisement for Grand Theft Auto IV
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The Advertising Archives

EXERCISE 3.2

Look at the visual below, and then highlight and annotate it to identify its most important images and their relationship to one another. When you have finished, think about how the images work together to communicate a central message to the audience. What argument does this visual make?

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© Nate Londa

EXERCISE 3.3

Interview a classmate about his or her experiences with video games—or with actual violence. Does your classmate see any links between the kinds of videos that are watched by friends and family members and the violence (or lack of violence) that occurs in his or her community? Write a paragraph summarizing your interview.

EXERCISE 3.4

Study the following three visuals (and their captions), all of which appear in Gerard Jones’s essay, “Violent Media Is Good for Kids”. Look at each visual with a critical eye, and then consider how effectively each one supports the central argument that Jones makes in his essay.

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A scene from Gerard Jones and Will Jacobs’s comic book Monsters from Outer Space.
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© Gerard Jones, Gene Ha, Will Jacobs.
A scene from Gerard Jones and Gene Ha’s comic book Oktane.
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© Gerard Jones, Gene Ha, Will Jacobs.
The title character of Oktane gets nasty.
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© Gerard Jones, Gene Ha, Will Jacobs.