12.2 Operational definition and measurement.

If asked to measure the percent of late departures of an airline, you are faced with an unclear task. Is late departure defined in terms of “leaving the gate” or “taking off from the runway”? What is required is an operational definition of the measurement—that is, an unambiguous definition of what is to be measured so that if you were to collect the data and someone else were to collect the data, both of you would come back with the same measurement values. Provide an example of an operational definition for the following: