For Exercises 3.42 to 3.44, see pages 144145; for 3.45, see page 146; for 3.46 and 3.47, see page 147; for 3.48 and 3.49, see page 150; for 3.50 and 3.51, see page 152; for 3.52, see page 153; for 3.53 and 3.54, see page 154; and for 3.55, see page 156.

Question 3.44

3.44 Is the packaging convenient for the customer?

A manufacturer of food products uses package liners that are sealed by applying heated jaws after the package is filled. The customer peels the sealed pieces apart to open the package. What effect does the temperature of the jaws have on the force needed to peel the liner? To answer this question, engineers prepare 20 package liners. They seal five liners at each of four different temperatures: 250°F, 275°F, 300°F, and 325°F. Then they measure the force needed to peel each seal.

  1. What are the experimental units studied?
  2. There is one factor (explanatory variable). What is it, and what are its levels?
  3. What is the response variable?