9.5 Geographic Insights: East Asia Review and Self-Test

• 1. Climate Change and Water: East Asia has long suffered from alternating droughts and devastating floods, and scientists fear that these hazards will only intensify with climate change. Meanwhile, the rivers of China, many of which originate in the Tibetan and neighboring plateaus, are dependent both on seasonal rainfall cycles and on glacial meltwater that are expected to diminish over the next few decades.

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• 2. Food and Globalization: East Asian countries have enough economic development to be able to buy food on the global market, but they are less able to produce sufficient food domestically. Much agricultural land has been lost to urban and industrial expansion and to mismanagement, but the increase in the region’s affluence has led to a demand for more imported food.

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• 3. Urbanization and Development: China’s move to join the global economy more than three decades ago has led to spectacular urban growth, a stronger emphasis on consumerism, and a massive rise in industrial and agricultural pollution of the air, water, and soil.

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• 4. Power and Politics: As economic development has grown across East Asia, pressures for more political freedoms have also risen.
  Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan are now among the more politically free places in the world, and pressure for similar levels of freedom is intensifying in China and North Korea.

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• 5. Population and Gender: China’s “one-child policy” has created a shortage of females. Long-standing cultural preferences for male children mean that if their one child will be female, many parents choose abortion or put the baby up for adoption. The shortage of females is accentuated by the fact that many women are deciding to have a career rather than to marry and have children.

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