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Note: URLs and data source sites sometimes change or are deleted during the publication process and may not be currently available. The authors realize this and will post updates online at www.whfreeman.com/pulsipher6e as new data and information become known.
Fig 1.2: Courtesy of Julia Stump.
Fig 1.3H: Adapted from The New Comparative World Atlas (Maplewood, NJ: Hammond, 1997), p. 6.
Fig 1.7: Adapted from G. Tyler Miller, Jr., Living in the Environment, 8th ed. (Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 1994), p. 4.
Fig 1.9i: Adapted from “Population Pyramid of Germany,” “Population Pyramid of Sweden,” and “Population Pyramid of the European Union,” International Data Base, U.S. Census Bureau, 2012, at http://www.census.gov/population/international/data/idb/informationGateway.php.
Fig 1.10: Adapted from G. Tyler Miller, Jr., Living in the Environment, 8th ed. (Belmont, CA.: Wadsworth, 1994), p. 218.
Table 1.1: Source: United Nations Human Development Report, 2007–2008 (New York: United Nations Development Programme), Table 28, “Gender-Related Development Index,” pp. 326–329, and Table 29, “Gender Inequality in Education,” pp. 330–333.
Fig 1.12: Maps created from data in the Human Development Report 2011 Statistical Annex, Tables 1 and 4, United Nations Development Programme, at http://www.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/corporate/HDR/2011%20Global%20HDR/English/HDR_2011_EN_Tables.pdf.
Fig 1.13: Adapted from United Nations Environment Programme, “Human impact, year 1700 (approximately),” and “Human impact, year 2002,” (New York: United Nations Development Program), 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, at http://www.grida.no/graphicslib/detail/human-impact-year-1700-approximately_6963# and http://www.grida.no/graphicslib/detail/human-impact-year-2002_157a.
Fig 1.14: Adapted from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAO Statistics Division, Rome 2009: Map 14, Year 2003–2005, at http://www.fao.org/economic/ess/ess-publications/ess-yearbook/fao-statistical-yearbook-2007-2008/g-human-welfare/en/.
Table 1.2: Source: Arjen Y. Hoekstra and Ashok K. Chapagain, Globalization of Water—Sharing the Planet’s Freshwater Resources (Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2008), p. 15, Table 2.2.
Fig 1.15: Population data adapted from 2011 World Population Data Sheet, Population Reference Bureau, at http://www.prb.org/pdf11/2011population-data-sheet_eng.pdf and World Gazetteer, at .
Fig 1.20: United Nations World Water Development Report 2: Water—A Shared Responsibility. Published jointly in 2006 by the UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Paris; and Berghahn Books, New York, pp. 391–392.
Fig 1.23: Adapted from the UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistics Division, Environmental Indicators: Greenhouse Gas Emissions, 2009, at http://unstats.un.org/unsd/environment/air_greenhouse_emissions.htm.
Fig 1.25: Adapted from Frank Press, Raymond Siever, John Grotzinger, and Thomas H. Jordan, Understanding Earth, 4th ed. (New York: W. H. Freeman, 2004), pp. 42–43.
Fig 1.26: Adapted from United States Geological Survey, Active Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics, “Hot Spots” and the “Ring of Fire,” at http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Glossary/PlateTectonics/Maps/map_plate_tectonics_world.html; and Frank Press, Raymond Siever, John Grotzinger, and Thomas H. Jordan, Understanding Earth, 4th ed. (New York: W. H. Freeman, 2004), p. 27.
Fig 1.28 (a): Adapted from Frank Press, Raymond Siever, John Grotzinger, and Thomas H. Jordan, Understanding Earth, 4th ed. (New York: W. H. Freeman, 2004), p. 281.
Fig 1.32: Map courtesy of UNEP/GRID-Arendal at http://www.grida.no/graphicslib/detail/skin-colour-map-indigenous-people_8b88, Emmanuelle Bournay, cartographer. Data source: G. Chaplin, “Geographic Distribution of Environmental Factors Influencing Human Skin Coloration,” American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 125, 292–302, 2004; map updated in 2007.
Fig 2.3: Map: USGS/National Wetlands Research Center.
Fig 2.8: Graphic adapted from National Geographic (March 1993): 84–85, with supplemental information from High Plains Underground Water Conservation District 1, Lubbock, Texas, at http://www.hpwd.com; and Erin O’Brian, Biological and Agricultural Engineering, National Science Foundation Research Experience for Undergraduates, Kansas State University, 2001.
Fig 2.10: Data adapted from “Black Population from Year 1790–2010,” BlackDemographics.com, at http://www.blackdemographics.com/population.html.
Fig 2.11: Adapted from James A. Henretta, W. Elliot Brownlee, David Brody, and Susan Ware, America’s History, 2nd ed. (New York: Worth, 1993), pp. 400–401; and James L. Roark, Michael P. Johnson, Patricia Cline Cohen, Sarah Stage, Alan Lawson, and Suan M. Hartmann, The American Promise: A History of the United States, 3rd ed. (Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2005), p. 601.
Fig 2.13 (a): Adapted from “U.S. Imports by Country of Origin,” U.S. Energy Information Administration, at http://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_move_impcus_a2_nus_epc0_im0_mbblpd_m.htm, and “Supply and Disposition,” U.S. Energy Information Administration, at http://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_sum_snd_d_nus_mbblpd_m_cur.htm.
Fig 2.13 (b): Adapted from Statistical Handbook, Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers, at http://www.capp.ca/library/statistics/handbook/Pages/default.aspx; and Statistical Handbook for Canada’s Upstream Petroleum Industry, Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers, November 2011, at .
Fig 2.15: Adapted from National Geographic, February 1990: 106–107, and augmented with data from: “Table 1: International Trips to Canada,” Statistics Canada, at http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/66-001-p/2011012/t001-eng.htm; International Visitation to the United States: A Statistical Summary of U.S. Visitation (2011), U.S. Department of Commerce, Office of Travel and Tourism Industries, at http://tinet.ita.doc.gov/outreachpages/download_data_table/2011_Visitation_Report.pdf; “Foreign Trade: Trade in Goods with Canada,” U.S. Census Bureau, at http://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/balance/c1220.html; “U.S. Relations with Canada,” U.S. Department of State, August 23, 2013, at http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2089.htm; Data source: Statistics Canada, “Table 1: International Trips to Canada,” at http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/66-001-p/2011012/t001-eng.htm and http://tinet.ita.doc.gov/outreachpages/download_data_table/2011_Visitation_Report.pdf; and “Immigration Overview: Permanent and Temporary Residents: Canada—Permanent Residents by Category and Source Area,” Citizenship and Immigration Canada, at http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/resources/statistics/facts2010/permanent/08.asp.
Fig 2.16: Revised December 26, 2012 according to the results of 2012 U.S. election results, at “Record Number of Women Will Serve in Congress; New Hampshire Elects Women to All Top Posts,” CAWP, November 7, 2012, at http://www.cawp.rutgers.edu/press_room/news/documents/PressRelease_11-07-12.pdf; and for the world, “World Classification,” Women in International Parliaments, Inter-Parliamentary Union, at http://www.ipu.org/wmn-e/classif.htm.
Fig 2.17: Adapted from Arthur Getis and Judith Getis, eds., The United States and Canada: The Land and the People (Dubuque, IA: William C. Brown, 1995), p. 165.
Fig 2.19: Data source: “Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. Data Sheet—Worldwide Unit Details January 2012,” Walmart, at http://walmartstores.com/pressroom/news/10821.aspx.
Fig 2.20: Adapted from “Women’s Earnings and Employment by Industry, 2009,” U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, February 16, 2011, at http://www.bls.gov/opub/ted/2011/ted_20110216.htm.
Fig 2.21: Population data adapted from 2011 World Population Data Sheet, Population Reference Bureau, at http://www.prb.org/pdf11/2011population-data-sheet_eng.pdf and World Gazetteer, at .
Fig 2.25: Data source: “Percent of People Who Are Foreign Born—United States—Places by State; and for Puerto Rico Universe: Total Population, 2010 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates,” American FactFinder, U.S. Census Bureau, at .
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Fig 2.27: Adapted from Christine Gambino and Thomas Gryn, “The Foreign Born With Science and Engineering Degrees: 2010,” American Community Survey Briefs, Figure 2, p. 3, U.S. Census Bureau, November 2011, at http://www.census.gov/prod/2011pubs/acsbr10-06.pdf.
Fig 2.29: Adapted from Jorge del Pinal and Audrey Singer, “Generations of Diversity: Latinos in the United States,” Population Bulletin 52 (October 1997): 14; U.S. Census Bureau, “Race by Sex, for the United States, Urban and Rural, 1950, and for the United States, 1850 to 1940, “Census of Population: 1950, Volume 2, Part 1, United States Summary, Table 36, 1953, at http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/21983999v2p1ch3.pdf; http://2010.census.gov/news/releases/operations/cb11-cn125.html; and http://2010.census.gov/news/releases/operations/cb11-cn125.html and .
Fig 2.30: Adapted from “What Happened to Incomes in 2010? Analysis of Census Income Estimates for 2010,” Diagram 1, National Urban League Policy Institute, September 15, 2011, at http://www.nul.org/sites/default/files/Income_2010_CPS.pdf.
Fig 2.31: Adapted from Jerome Fellmann, Arthur Getis, and Judith Getis, Human Geography (Dubuque, IA: Brown & Benchmark, 1997), p. 164.
Fig 2.32: Data from “Selected Population Profile in the United States: 2007–2009 American Community Survey 3-Year Estimates,” American FactFinder, U.S. Census Bureau, at .
Fig 2.33: Data sources: (A) U.S. Census Bureau, “Money Income of Households—Distribution by Income Level and Selected Characteristics: 2007,” Income, Expenditures, Poverty, & Wealth: Household Income, Table 676, 2010, at http://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/cats/income_expenditures_poverty_wealth/household_income.html; (B) U.S. Census Bureau, “Mean Earnings by Highest Degree Earned: 2007,” Education: Educational Attainment, Table 227, 2010, at http://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/cats/education/educational_attainment.html.
Fig 2.35: Data from International Data Base, U.S. Census Bureau, at http://www.census.gov/population/international/data/idb/informationGateway.php.
Fig 2.37: Maps created from data in the Human Development Report 2011 Statistical Annex, Tables 1 and 4, United Nations Development Programme, at http://www.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/corporate/HDR/2011%20Global%20HDR/English/HDR_2011_EN_Tables.pdf.
Fig 2.38: Adapted from Joel Garreau, The Nine Nations of North America (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1981).
Fig 2.39: Adapted from Joel Garreau, The Nine Nations of North America (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1981).
Fig 2.41: Adapted from Joel Garreau, The Nine Nations of North America (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1981); and “The Nations,” Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada, at http://www.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/Mobile/Nations/NationsAltMap-eng.html.
Fig 2.42: Adapted from Joel Garreau, The Nine Nations of North America (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1981).
Fig 2.44: Map adapted from Joel Garreau, The Nine Nations of North America (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1981).
Fig 2.46: Map adapted from Joel Garreau, The Nine Nations of North America (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1981).
Fig 2.49: Map adapted from Joel Garreau, The Nine Nations of North America (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1981).
Fig 2.50: Adapted from Joel Garreau, The Nine Nations of North America (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1981).
Fig 2.51: Map adapted from Joel Garreau, The Nine Nations of North America (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1981).
Fig 2.52: Adapted from the Colorado River Water Users Association, at map in the CRWUA 2012-2013 Annual Report, page 2, at http://www.crwua.org/about-us/annual-reports.
Fig 3.6: Illustration by Tomo Narashima, based on fieldwork and a drawing by Lydia Pulsipher.
Fig 3.12: Adapted from Hammond Times Concise Atlas of World History (Maplewood, NJ: Hammond, 1994), pp. 66–67.
Fig 3.13: Adapted from Hammond Times Concise Atlas of World History (Maplewood, NJ: Hammond, 1994), p. 69.
Fig 3.15: Source: “Foreign Direct Investment in Latin America and the Caribbean, 2011,” Figure 1.8, p. 38, Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, United Nations, April 16, 2012, at http://www.cepal.org/publicaciones/xml/2/46572/2012-182-LIEI-WEB.pdf.
Fig 3.16: Adapted from Goode’s World Atlas, 21st ed. (Chicago: Rand McNally, 2005), p. 137, Minerals and Economic map.
Fig 3.19: Source: World Drug Report 2010, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, at http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/drug-trafficking/index.html.
Fig 3.21: Adapted from 2011 World Population Data Sheet, Population Reference Bureau, at http://www.prb.org/pdf11/2011population-data-sheet_eng.pdf.
Fig 3.22: Maps created from data in the Human Development Report 2011 Statistical Annex, Tables 1 and 4, United Nations Development Programme, 2010, at http://www.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/corporate/HDR/2011%20Global%20HDR/English/HDR_2011_EN_Tables.pdf.
Fig 3.23: Data from Internet World Stats: “Internet Users in the World: Distribution by World Region—Q2 2012,” at http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats.htm; “Latin American Internet Usage Statistics,” at http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats10.htm; “Internet Usage and Population in the Caribbean,” at http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats11.htm.
Fig 3.25: Population data adapted from 2011 World Population Data Sheet, Population Reference Bureau, at http://www.prb.org/pdf11/2011population-data-sheet_eng.pdf; World Gazetteer, at .
Fig 3.26: From Yearbook of the Association of Pacific Coast Geographers 57(28): 1995; printed with permission.
Fig 3.31: Source: “Maquiladora Employment,” Redco, at http://www.elpasoredco.org/Juarez-MaquilaEmployment.aspx.
Fig 4.6: Source: European Environment Agency, at http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/figures/map-of-summer-chlorophyll-a-concentrations-observed-in-1.
Fig 4.8: Data adapted from European Commission Mobility and Transport, at http://ec.europa.eu/transport/themes/infrastructure/revision-t_en.htm.
Fig 4.12: Adapted from Alan Thomas, Third World Atlas (Washington, DC: Taylor & Francis, 1994), p. 29.
Fig 4.13: Source: Democratization Index adapted from “The Democracy Index 2011: Democracy Under Stress,” Economist Intelligence Unit, at http://www.eiu.com/public/topical_report.aspx?campaignid=DemocracyIndex2011.
Fig 4.14: Source: United Nations Human Development Report 2009, Table H, United Nations Development Programme, at http://hdr.undp.org/en/reports/global/hdr2009/; Human Development Report 2011, Sustainability and Equity: A Better Future for All, United Nations Development Programme, at http://hdr.undp.org/en/reports/global/hdr2011/.
Fig 4.15: Source: Europe in Figures: Eurostat Yearbook 2009 (Eurostat Statistical Books, Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Commission, 2009), pp. 388 and 392, Figures 10.5, 10.6, 10.9, and 10.10, at http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/KS-CD-09-001/EN/KS-CD-09-001-EN.PDF. Source: “International Trade in Goods,” Figures 2, 3, 6, and 7, Eurostat, at http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/International_trade_in_goods#Analysis_of_main_trading_partners.
Fig 4.20: Population data adapted from 2011 World Population Data Sheet, Population Reference Bureau, at ; World Gazetteer, at .
Fig 4.21: Adapted from “Population Pyramid of Germany,” “Population Pyramid of Sweden,” and “Population Pyramid of the European Union,” International Data Base, U.S. Census Bureau, 2012, at http://www.census.gov/population/international/data/idb/informationGateway.php.
Fig 4.22: Sources: Human Development Report 2009, United Nations Development Programme, at http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/indicators/6.html; data in table is from Migrants in Europe: A Statistical Portrait of the First and Second Generation, Eurostat Statistical Books, 2011, Table 1, at http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/KS-31-10-539/EN/KS-31-10-539-EN.PDF.
Fig 4.23: Source: “The Future of the Global Muslim Population,” Pew Research Center Forum on Religion and Public Life, January 27, 2011, pp. 121–122 and 161–162, at http://www.pewforum.org/2011/01/27/the-future-of-the-global-muslim-population/.
Fig 4.24: Adapted from: Europe in Figures: Eurostat Yearbook 2011, Figure 5.3, Eurostat, 2011, at http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/KS-CD-11-001/EN/KS-CD-11-001-EN.PDF.
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Fig 4.25: Source: Inter-Parliamentary Union, Women in National Parliaments, as of February 2013 http://www.ipu.org/wmn-e/classif.htm.
Fig 4.26: Adapted from: Europe in Figures: Eurostat Yearbook 2011, ch. 6 (especially Table 6.4), Eurostat, 2011, at http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/CH_06_2011/EN/CH_06_2011-EN.PDF.
Fig 4.27: Maps created from data in the Human Development Report 2011 Statistical Annex, Tables 1 and 4, United Nations Development Programme, at http://www.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/corporate/HDR/2011%20Global%20HDR/English/HDR_2011_EN_Tables.pdf.
Fig 4.29: Adapted from William H. Berensten, Contemporary Europe: a Geographic Analysis (New York: Wiley, 1997), p. 317.
Fig 4.38: Adapted from Philippe Rekacewicz, The Military Balance, 2002–2003, UNEP/GRID-Arendal, 2003, available at http://maps.grida.no/go/graphic/ethnic_groups_in_the_south_eastern_europe.
Fig 5.7: Adapted from National Geographic, February 1990, pp. 72, 80–81; NASA Earth Observatory, at http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/WorldOfChange/aral_sea.php.
Fig 5.9: Adapted from “Maps of the Silk Road,” the Silk Road Project and the Stanford Program on International and Cross-Cultural Education, at http://www.silkroadproject.org/tabid/177/default.aspx.
Fig 5.12: Adapted from Robin Milner-Gulland with Nikolai Dejevsky, Cultural Atlas of Russia and the Former Soviet Union, rev. ed. (New York: Checkmark Books, 1998), pp. 56, 74, 128–129, 177.
Fig 5.13: Adapted from Clevelander, at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:New_Cold_War_Map_1980.png.
Fig 5.14: Map adapted from U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, “Russia Country Analysis Brief,” May 2008, at http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/Russia/images/Russian%20Energy%20at%20a%20Glance%202007.pdf.
Fig 5.15: Adapted from Robin Milner-Gulland with Nikolai Dejevsky, Cultural Atlas of Russia and the Former Soviet Union, rev. ed. (New York: Checkmark Books, 1998), pp. 186–187, 198–199, 204–205, 216–217; http://www.travelcenter.com.au/russia/images/trans-sib-map-v3.jpg.
Fig 5.16: Adapted from Robin Milner-Gulland with Nikolai Dejevsky, Cultural Atlas of Russia and the Former Soviet Union, rev. ed. (New York: Checkmark Books, 1998), pp. 186–187, 198–199, 204–205, 216–217.
Fig 5.18: Adapted from James H. Bater, Russia and the Post-Soviet Scene (London: Arnold, 1996), pp. 280–281; Graham Smith, The Post-Soviet States (London: Arnold, 2000), p. 75; “Ethnic Groups,” The World Factbook 2012, Central Intelligence Agency, at https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2075.html#rs.
Fig 5.22: Population data adapted from 2011 World Population Data Sheet, Population Reference Bureau, at http://www.prb.org/pdf11/2011population-data-sheet_eng.pdf; World Gazetteer, at .
Fig 5.23: Adapted from “Population Pyramids of Russia,” “Population Pyramids of Belarus,” “Population Pyramids of Kyrgyzstan,” and “Population Pyramids of Kazakhstan,” International Data Base, U.S. Census Bureau, 2012, at http://www.census.gov/population/international/data/idb/informationGateway.php.
Fig 5.24: Maps created from data in the Human Development Report 2011 Statistical Annex, Tables 1 and 4, United Nations Development Programme, at http://www.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/corporate/HDR/2011%20Global%20HDR/English/HDR_2011_EN_Tables.pdf.
Fig 5.26: Adapted from Human Development Report 2011 Statistical Annex, Table 4, United Nations Development Programme, at http://www.beta.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/corporate/HDR/2011%20Global%20HDR/English/HDR_2011_EN_Tables.pdf.
Fig 5.31: Adapted from http://www.geocities.com/southbeach/marina/6150/ethno.jpg.
Fig 5.32: Adapted from the European Center for Minority Issues, “Ethnopolitical Map of the Caucasus,” at www.crisisgroup.org/home/index.cfm?id=5466.
Fig 6.4: Adapted from Sanja Kelly and Julia Breslin, eds., Women’s Rights in the Middle East and North Africa, (New York: Freedom House); Freedom House reports on Israel and Turkey, at http://www.freedomhouse.org.
Fig 6.6: Adapted from United Nations Environmental Programme, Vital Water Graphics: An Overview of the State of the World’s Fresh and Marine Waters, 2nd ed., 2008, at http://www.unep.org/dewa/vitalwater/article69.html.
Fig 6.8: Source: A. M. MacDonald, H. C. Bonsor, B. E. O. Dochartaigh, and R. G. Taylor, 2012, “Quantitative Maps of Groundwater Resources in Africa,” Environmental Research Letters 7. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/7/2/024009.
Fig 6.11: Adapted from United Nations Environment Programme, Vital Water Graphics: Problems Related to Freshwater Resources, “Turning the Tides” map, at http://www.unep.org/dewa/assessments/ecosystems/water/vitalwater/22.htm.
Fig 6.12: Map adapted from Bruce Smith, The Emergence of Agriculture (New York: Scientific American Library, 1995), p. 50.
Fig 6.14: Adapted from Richard Overy, ed., The Times History of the World (London: Times Books, 1999), pp. 98–99.
Fig 6.16 (a): Adapted from Hammond Times Concise Atlas of World History (Maplewood, NJ: Hammond, 1994), pp. 100–101. (b) Adapted from Rand McNally Historical Atlas of the World (Chicago: Rand McNally, 1965), pp. 36–37; Cultural Atlas of Africa (New York: Checkmark Books, 1988), p. 59.
Fig 6.20: Adapted from the Human Development Report 2011, Sustainability and Equity: A Better Future for All, United Nations Development Programme, at http://hdr.undp.org/en/reports/global/hdr2011/.
Fig 6.22: Adapted from “Population Pyramids for Iran,” International Data Base, U.S. Census Bureau, 2012, at http://www.census.gov/population/international/data/idb/informationGateway.php.
Fig 6.23: Population data adapted from 2011 World Population Data Sheet, Population Reference Bureau, at http://www.prb.org/pdf11/2011population-data-sheet_eng.pdf; World Gazetteer, at .
Fig 6.24: Maps created from data in the Human Development Report 2011 Statistical Annex, Tables 1 and 4, United Nations Development Programme, at http://www.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/corporate/HDR/2011%20Global%20HDR/English/HDR_2011_EN_Tables.pdf.
Fig 6.25: Adapted from U.S. Department of Energy, Country Analysis Briefs, at http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/Region_me.html; U.S. Department of Energy, “Selected Oil and Gas Pipeline Infrastructure in the Middle East,” at http://www.eia.doe.gov/cabs/Saudi_Arabia/images/Oil%20and%20Gas%20Infrastructue%20Persian%20Gulf%20(large)%20(2).gif; “Who Has the Oil? A Map of the World Oil Reserves,” at http://gcaptain.com/who-has-the-oil-a-map-of-world-oil-reserves/; adapted from “Countries: Proved Reserves,” U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, at http://www.eia.gov/countries/index.cfm?view=reserves.
Fig 6.26: Adapted from Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, Annual Statistical Bulletin 2008, 2009; adapted from Annual Statistical Bulletin 2012 (Vienna: OPEC, 2012), pp. 47–48 and 53–54, at http://www.opec.org/opec_web/static_files_project/media/downloads/publications/ASB2012.pdf.
Fig 6.27: Adapted from Human Development Report 2010, Table 15, and Human Development Report 2011, Table 10 (New York: United Nations Development Programme, 2010).
Fig 6.29: Adapted from Colbert C. Held, Middle East Patterns—Places, Peoples, and Politics (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1994), p. 184; The Israeli Settlements in the Occupied Territories, 2002, Foundation for Middle East Peace, at http://www.firstpr.com.au/nations; “Map: Golan Heights,” at http://www.fmep.org/reports/archive/vol.-22/no.-6/map-golan-heights; and Geoffrey Aronson, “The Occupation Returns to Center Stage,” Foundation for Middle East Peace Settlement Report 22 (6), at http://www.fmep.org/reports/archive/vol.-22/no.-6/the-occupation-returns-to-center-stage; http://thinkprogress.org/security/2012/05/14/483860/eu-settlements-threaten-two-states/?mobile=nc; http://thinkprogress.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/APN-Settlement-Map1.png.
Fig 6.32: Conflict zones adapted from U.S. Agency for International Development, “Sudan (Darfur)–Chad Border Region Confirmed Damaged and Destroyed Villages,” at http://www.usaid.gov/locations/sub-saharan_africa/countries/sudan/images/darfur_villages_0621.pdf.
Fig 6.37: Adapted from Edgar O’Ballance, The Kurdish Struggle 1920–1994 (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1996), p. 235.
Fig 7.9: Adapted from A. M. MacDonald, H. C. Bonsor, B. E. O. Dochartaigh, and R. G. Taylor, 2012, “Quantitative Maps of Groundwater Resources in Africa,” Environmental Research Letters 7. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/7/2/024009; boundaries of surficial geology of Africa courtesy of the U.S. Geological Survey; country boundaries sourced from ArcWorld © 1995–2011 ESRI. All rights reserved.
Fig 7.12: Adapted from the work of Joseph H. Harris, in Monica B. Visona et al., A History of Art in Africa (New York: Harry N. Abrams, 2001), pp. 502–503.
Fig 7.14: Adapted from Alan Thomas, Third World Atlas (Washington, DC: Taylor & Francis, 1994), p. 43.
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Fig 7.16: Data from The World Fact Book 2012: Africa: South Africa, Central Intelligence Agency, at https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sf.html.
Fig 7.19: Adapted from UN Conference on Trade and Development, Economic Development in Africa Report 2009: Strengthening Regional Economic Integration for Africa’s Development (New York: United Nations, 2009), p. 12, Figure 1, at http://www.unctad.org/en/docs/aldcafrica2009_en.pdf.
Fig 7.20: Adapted from Ethnic Map of Nigeria, Online Nigeria: Community Portal of Nigeria at www.onlinenigeria.com/mapethnic.asp#.
Fig 7.22: Data courtesy of Deborah Balk, Gregory Yetman, et al., Center for International Earth Science Information Network, Columbia University, at http://www.ciesin.columbia.edu.
Fig 7.23: Adapted from International Data Base, U.S. Census Bureau, at http://www.census.gov/population/international/data/idb/informationGateway.php.
Fig 7.24: Population data adapted from 2011 World Population Data Sheet, Population Reference Bureau, at http://www.prb.org/pdf11/2011population-data-sheet_eng.pdf; World Gazetteer, at .
Fig 7.26: Adapted from “Global Report 2010 Fact Sheet,” UNAIDS, at http://www.unaids.org/documents/20101123_FS_SSA_em_en.pdf; Global Report: UNAIDS Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic/2010, UNAIDS, at http://www.unaids.org/globalreport/documents/20101123_GlobalReport_full_en.pdf.
Fig 7.27: Adapted from James Fenske, “African Polygamy: Past and Present,” Editorial Express, February 15, 2012, at .
Fig 7.28: Adapted from “An Update on WHO’s Work on Female Genital Mutilation (FGM), Progress Report,” World Health Organization, 2011, at http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/fgm/rhr_11_18/en/index.html.
Fig 7.29: Maps adapted from Matthew White, “Religion in Africa,” in Historical Atlas of the Twentieth Century (October 1998), at http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/afrorelg.htm; revised with new data from the CIA, The World Factbook, 2009, at https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/index.html.
Fig 7.31: Adapted from Edward F. Bergman and William H. Renwick, Introduction to Geography—People, Places, and Environment (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1999), p. 256; Jost Gippert, TITUS Didactica, at http://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/didact/karten/afr/afrikam.htm.
Fig 7.32: Maps created from data in the Human Development Report 2011 Statistical Annex, Tables 1 and 4, United Nations Development Programme, at http://www.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/corporate/HDR/2011%20Global%20HDR/English/HDR_2011_EN_Tables.pdf.
Fig 8.6: Adapted from National Geographic, June 1993, p. 125.
Fig 8.10: Adapted from William R. Shepherd, The Historical Atlas (New York: Henry Holt, 1923–1926), p. 137; Gordon Johnson, Cultural Atlas of India (New York: Facts on File, 1996), p. 111.
Fig 8.11: Adapted from Gordon Johnson, Cultural Atlas of India (New York: Facts on File, 1996), p. 158.
Fig 8.12: Adapted from National Geographic, May 1997, p. 18.
Fig 8.15: Population data adapted from 2011 World Population Data Sheet, Population Reference Bureau, at http://www.prb.org/pdf11/2011population-data-sheet_eng.pdf; World Gazetteer, at .
Fig 8.17: Adapted from Alisdair Rogers, ed., Peoples and Cultures (New York: Oxford University Press, 1992), p. 204.
Fig 8.18: Adapted from Gordon Johnson, Cultural Atlas of India (New York: Facts on File, 1996), p. 56.
Fig 8.20: Courtesy of the University of California Press.
Fig 8.21: Adapted from “District Wise Female Literacy Rate of India,” Maps of India, at http://www.mapsofindia.com/census2001/femaleliteracydistrictwise.htm; United Nations Human Development Report 2009 (New York: United Nations Development Programme), Table J, “Gender-Related Development Index and Its Components,” at http://hdr.undp.org/en/reports/global/hdr2009/; adapted from “Map of Literacy Rate in India,” Maps of India, at http://www.mapsofindia.com/census2011/literacy-rate.html; “Literacy,” The World Fact Book, Central Intelligence Ageny, at https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2103.html#af.
Fig 8.25: Sources: 2012 World Population Data Sheet, Population Reference Bureau, at http://www.prb.org/pdf12/2012-population-data-sheet_eng.pdf; “Bhutan—Fertility Rate: Fertility Rate, Total (births per woman),” Index Mundi, at http://www.indexmundi.com/facts/bhutan/fertility-rate; “Afghanistan—Fertility Rate: Fertility Rate, Total (births per woman),” Index Mundi, at http://www.indexmundi.com/facts/afghanistan/fertility-rate; “Afghanistan,” The World Fact Book 2012, Central Intelligence Agency, at https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/af.html.
Fig 8.26: Adapted from International Data Base, U.S. Census Bureau, at http://www.census.gov/population/international/data/idb/informationGateway.php.
Fig 8.27: Maps created from data in the Human Development Report 2011 Statistical Annex, Tables 1 and 4, United Nations Development Programme, at http://www.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/corporate/HDR/2011%20Global%20HDR/English/HDR_2011_EN_Tables.pdf.
Fig 8.28: Adapted from John Dixon and Aidan Gulliver with David Gibbon, Farming Systems and Poverty: Improving Farmers’ Livelihoods in a Changing World (Rome and Washington, DC: FAO and World Bank, 2001), at http://www.fao.org/farmingsystems/FarmingMaps/SAS/01/FS/index.html.
Fig 8.30: Data from the Directorate of Economics & Statistics of each of the respective state governments, 2006; GDP data from the Reserve Bank of India, Table 8, “Per Capita Net State Domestic Product at Factor Cost—State-Wise (at Current Prices),” at http://rbidocs.rbi.org.in/rdocs/Publications/PDFs/008T_BST130913.pdf; data from “Comparing Indian States and Territories with Countries: An Indian Summary,” Economist, at http://www.economist.com/content/indian-summary.
Fig 8.34: Philippe Rekacewicz and Cécile Marin, “A Tangle of Nations and Conflicts,” Le Monde Diplomatique, January 2000, at http://mondediplo.com/maps/centralasiamdv1997.
Fig 8.35: Adapted from http://www.pakistanpaedia.com/maps/map_pakistan-resources.html.
Fig 9.2: Map adapted from Kam Wing Chan, “Internal Migration in China: Trends, Geography and Policies,” Population Distribution, Urbanization, Internal Migration and Development: An International Perspective (New York: United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, 2011), pp. 81–109.
Fig 9.6: Adapted from “World Agriculture,” National Geographic Atlas of the World, 8th ed. (Washington, DC: National Geographic Society, 2005), p. 19; “China: Economic, Minerals” map, Goode’s World Atlas, 21st ed. (New York: Rand McNally, 2005), pp. 39 and 207.
Fig 9.10: Adapted from “China’s Most Polluted Cities—WHO Index,” China Briefing, September 28, 2011, at http://www.china-briefing.com/news/2011/09/28/chinas-most-polluted-cities-who-index.html; “Particle Pollution and Your Health,” AirNow, at http://airnow.gov/index.cfm?action=particle_health.page1#1.
Fig 9.13: Adapted from Hammond Times Concise Atlas of World History (Maplewood, NJ: Hammond, 1994).
Fig 9.14: Adapted from Hammond Times Concise Atlas of World History (Maplewood, NJ: Hammond, 1994).
Fig 9.16: Adapted from Invest in China, “Per Capita Cash Income of Rural Households by Region (Third Quarter, 2009),” at http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/statisticaldata/Quarterlydata/t20091102_402598053.htm; “Income of Urban Households by Region (Third Quarter, 2009),” at .
Fig 9.17: Population data adapted from 2011 World Population Data Sheet, Population Reference Bureau, at http://www.prb.org/pdf11/2011population-data-sheet_eng.pdf; World Gazetteer, at .
Fig 9.18: FDI data from Invest in China, at http://www.fdi.gov.cn/common/info.jsp?id5ABC00000000000022787. Specific Web site no longer available without registering at http://www.fdi.gov.cn/pub/FDI_EN/Statistics/default.htm.
Fig 9.19: Adapted from Invest in China, February 7, 2012, at http://www.fdi.gov.cn/1800000121_10000041_8.html.
Fig 9.20: Adapted from “Major Foreign Holders of Treasury Securities (in Billions of Dollars),” U.S. Treasury, at http://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/data-chart-center/tic/Documents/mfh.txt.
Fig 9.22: Data from “Internet Users in Asia, 2012 Q2,” Internet World Stats, at http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats3.htm.
Fig 9.24: Adapted from International Data Base, U.S. Census Bureau, 2012, at http://www.census.gov/population/international/data/idb/informationGateway.php.
Fig 9.26: Maps created from data in the Human Development Report 2011 Statistical Annex, Tables 1 and 4, United Nations Development Programme, at http://www.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/corporate/HDR/2011%20Global%20HDR/English/HDR_2011_EN_Tables.pdf.
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Fig 9.27: Adapted from Chiao-min Hsieh and Jean Kan Hsieh, China: A Provincial Atlas (New York: Macmillan, 1995), p. 12. The Web site http://www.index-china.com/minority/minority-english.htm includes a comprehensive survey of minorities in China.
Fig 9.29: Adapted from “Travel and Tours,” China Tibet Train, at http://www.chinatibettrain.com/index.html.
Fig 9.34: Adapted from Caroline Blunden and Mark Elvin, Cultural Atlas of China, rev. ed. (New York: Checkmark Books, 1998), p. 16.
Fig 9.47: Adapted from “Balance of Income and Expenditures,” Figure 13.2, Statistical Handbook of Japan 2012, at http://www.stat.go.jp/english/data/handbook/c0117.htm#c13.
Fig 10.3: Adapted from “Struggling Cultures,” National Geographic Atlas of the World, 8th ed. (Washington, DC: National Geographic Society, 2005), p. 15; “Globalization: Effects on Indigenous Peoples” map, International Forum on Globalization, 2007, at http://www.ifg.org/programs/indig/IFGmap.pdf.
Fig 10.8: Map adapted from “Annual Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation,” by the International Tropical Timber Organization, Figure 7, p. 13, at http://www.itto.int/en/annual_review/; graphs from Annual Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation 2010 (Yokohama, Japan: International Tropical Timber Organization, 2010), pp. 14–15, at http://www.itto.int/annual_review/.
Fig 10.8 (e): Data from “Forestry Issues—Deforestation: Tropical Forests in Decline,” at http://www.canadian-forests.com/Deforestation_Tropical_Forests_in_Decline.pdf; http://www.panda.org/about_our_earth/about_forests/deforestation/forestdegradation/forest_illegal_logging/.
Fig 10.9: Map adapted from United Nations Environment Programme, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 (New York: United Nations Development Programme), at http://maps.grida.no/go/collection/globio-geo-3.
Fig 10.10: Adapted from Hammond Citation World Atlas (Maplewood, NJ: Hammond, 1996), pp. 74, 83, 84.
Fig 10.12: Adapted from Hammond Times Concise Atlas of World History (Maplewood, NJ: Hammond, 1994), p. 101.
Fig 10.15: Data source: “ASEAN External Trade Statistics,” Table 19, ASEAN, February 15, 2012, at http://www.aseansec.org/external-trade-statistics/.
Fig 10.16: Adapted from “World Heritage List,” UN World Heritage Convention, at http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/; “Tourism Attractions Along the Asian Highway,” UN Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, 2004, at http://www.unescap.org/ttdw/common/tis/ah/tourism%20attractions.asp; Asia Times Online, at http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Asian_Economy/images/highways.html.
Fig 10.17: Source: “ASEAN Tourism Marketing Strategy (ATMS) 2012-2015,” Figures 2-2 and 2-3 (Jakarta: ASEAN Secretariat, March 2012), p. 13, at http://www.aseansec.org/tourism-statistics/.
Fig 10.20: Data from Sasha Loffredo, A Demographic Portrait of South and Southeast Asia (Washington, DC: Population Reference Bureau, 1994), p. 9; Globalis, at http://globalis.gvu.unu.edu/; 2009 World Population Data Sheet (Washington, DC: Population Reference Bureau, 2009).
Fig 10.21: Adapted from International Data Base, U.S. Census Bureau, 2012, at http://www.census.gov/population/international/data/idb/informationGateway.php.
Fig 10.22: Maps created from data in the Human Development Report 2011 Statistical Annex, Tables 1 and 4, United Nations Development Programme, at http://www.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/corporate/HDR/2011%20Global%20HDR/English/HDR_2011_EN_Tables.pdf.
Fig 10.23: Population data adapted from 2011 World Population Data Sheet, Population Reference Bureau, at http://www.prb.org/pdf11/2011population-data-sheet_eng.pdf; World Gazetteer, at .
Fig 10.24: Map adapted from Joni Seager, The Penguin Atlas of Women in the World (New York: Penguin Books, 2003), p. 73; with updated information from the Migration Policy Institute, at http://www.migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID5364.
Fig 10.26: Map adapted from Oxford Atlas of the World (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996), p. 27.
Fig 11.6: Adapted from Environmental Dynamics Research, Inc., 1998; Ivan Cheung, George Washington University, Geography 137, Lecture 16, October 29, 2001.
Fig 11.7: Adapted from Tom L. McKnight, Oceania (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1995), p. 28.
Fig 11.11: Adapted from Richard Nile and Christian Clerk, Cultural Atlas of Australia, New Zealand, and the South Pacific (New York: Facts on File, 1996), p. 194.
Fig 11.13: Adapted from Richard Nile and Christian Clerk, Cultural Atlas of Australia, New Zealand, and the South Pacific (New York: Facts on File, 1996), pp. 58–59.
Fig 11.15: Data from The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency, at https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/xx.html; U.S. Department of State’s background notes on Kiribati and other countries, at http://www.state.gov/p/eap/ci/index.htm.
Fig 11.18: Population data adapted from 2011 World Population Data Sheet, Population Reference Bureau, at http://www.prb.org/pdf11/2011population-data-sheet_eng.pdf; World Gazetteer, at .
Fig 11.19: Maps created from data in the Human Development Report 2011 Statistical Annex, Tables 1 and 4, United Nations Development Programme, at http://www.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/corporate/HDR/2011%20Global%20HDR/English/HDR_2011_EN_Tables.pdf.
Fig 11.20: Data from Australian Bureau of Statistics, “Main Countries of Birth,” Year Book Australia, 2008, Table 7.39, at http://www.ausstats.abs.gov.au/ausstats/subscriber.nsf/0/8D6ED0E197FE38A6CA2573E7000EC2AD/$File/13010_2008.pdf.
Fig 11.26: For additional information, see http://www.irb.com/aboutirb/organisation/index.html
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