[Sources consulted: James A. Henretta, W. Elliot Brownlee, David Brody, and Susan Ware, America’s History, 2nd ed. (New York: Worth, 1993), pp. 400–401; James L. Roark, Michael P. Johnson, Patricia Cline Cohen, Sarah Stage, Alan Lawson, and Susan M. Hartmann, The American Promise: A History of the United States, 3rd ed. (Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2005), p. 601]