Figure 2.13: Transfers of tourists, goods, investment, pollution, and immigrants between the United States and Canada. Canada and the United States have the world’s largest trading relationship. The flows of goods, money, and people across the long Canada–U.S. border are essential to both countries. However, because of its relatively small population and economy, Canada is more reliant on the United States than the United States is on Canada. All amounts shown are in U.S. dollars.

[Sources consulted: National Geographic, February 1990: 106–107, and augmented with data from “Table 1: International Trips to Canada,” Statistics Canada, at http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/66-001-p/2011012/t001-eng.htm; International Visitation to the United States: A Statistical Summary of U.S. Visitation (2011), U.S. Department of Commerce, Office of Travel and Tourism Industries, at http://travel.trade.gov/outreachpages/download_data_table/2011_Visitation_Report.pdf; “Foreign Trade: Trade in Goods with Canada,” U.S. Census Bureau, at http://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/balance/c1220.html; “U.S. Relations With Canada,” U.S. Department of State, August 23, 2013, at http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2089.htm; “Immigration Overview: Permanent and Temporary Residents: Canada—Permanent Residents by Category and Source Area,” Citizenship and Immigration Canada, at http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/resources/statistics/facts2010/permanent/08.asp]