3.12 CHAPTER KEY TERMS

Match the term to its definition by clicking the term first, then the definition.

Question

acculturation
assimilation
Aztecs
biodiversity
brain drain
contested space
coup d’état
Creoles
dictator
ecotourism
El Niño
evangelical Protestantism
Export Processing Zones (EPZs)
extended family
favelas
foreign direct investment (FDI)
nature-oriented vacations, often taken in endangered and remote areas, usually by travelers from affluent nations
the migration of educated and ambitious young adults to cities or foreign countries, depriving the communities from which the young people come of talented youth in whom they have invested years of nurturing and education
the loss of old ways of life and the adoption of the lifestyle of another culture
a Christian movement that focuses on personal salvation and empowerment of the individual through miraculous healing and transformation; some practitioners preach to the poor the “gospel of success”—that a life dedicated to Christ will result in prosperity for the believer
a military- or civilian-led forceful takeover of a government
a ruler who claims absolute authority, governing with little respect for the law or the rights of citizens
specially created legal spaces or industrial parks within a country where, to attract foreign-owned factories, duties and taxes are not charged
any area that two or more groups claim or want to use in different and often conflicting ways, such as the Amazon or Palestine
a family that consists of related individuals beyond the nuclear family of parents and children
adaptation of a minority culture to the host culture enough to function effectively and be self-supporting; cultural borrowing
indigenous people of high-central Mexico noted for their advanced civilization before the Spanish conquest
the variety of life forms to be found in a given area
periodic climate-altering changes, especially in the circulation of the Pacific Ocean, now understood to operate on a global scale
Brazilian urban slums and shantytowns built by the poor; called colonias, barrios, or barriadas in other countries
investment funds that come in to enterprises from outside the country
people mostly of European descent born in the Americas

Question

hacienda
import substitution industrialization (ISI)
Incas
income disparity
indigenous
isthmus
liberation theology
machismo
maquiladoras
marianismo
marketization
mercantilism
Mercosur
mestizos
Middle America
nationalize
a set of values based on the life of the Virgin Mary, the mother of Jesus, that defines the proper social roles for women in Middle and South America
the gap in income between rich and poor
a free trade zone created in 1991 that links the economies of Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Venezuela to create a common market
foreign-owned, tax-exempt factories, often located in Mexican towns just across the border from U.S. towns, that hire workers at low wages to assemble manufactured goods which are then exported for sale
in this book, a region that includes Mexico, Central America, and the islands of the Caribbean
native to a particular place or region
to seize private property and place it under government ownership, with some compensation
policies that encourage local production of machinery and other items that previously had been imported at great expense from abroad
a movement within the Roman Catholic Church that uses the teachings of Jesus to encourage the poor to organize to change their own lives and to encourage the rich to promote social and economic equity
indigenous people who ruled the largest pre-Columbian state in the Americas, with a domain stretching from what is now southern Colombia to northern Chile and Argentina
a narrow strip of land that joins two larger land areas
people of mixed European, African, and indigenous descent
a large agricultural estate in Middle or South America, more common in the past; usually not specialized by crop and not focused on market production
a set of values that defines manliness in Middle and South America
the development of a free market economy in support of free trade
a strategy for increasing a country’s power and wealth by acquiring colonies and managing all aspects of their production, transport, and trade for the colonizer’s benefit

Question

North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
plantation
populist movements
primate city
privatization
shifting cultivation
silt
South America
structural adjustment programs (SAPs)
subduction zone
temperature-altitude zones
trade winds
UNASUR
urban growth poles
a productive system of agriculture in which small plots are cleared in forestlands, the dried brush is burned to release nutrients, and the clearings are planted with multiple species; each plot is used for only 2 or 3 years and then abandoned for many years of regrowth
winds that blow from the northeast and the southeast toward the equator
popularly based efforts, often seeking relief for the poor
fine soil particles
a city, plus its suburbs, that is vastly larger than all others in a country and in which economic and political activity is centered
the selling of formerly government-owned industries and firms to private companies or individuals
a large factory farm that grows and partially processes a single cash crop
policies that require economic reorganization toward less government involvement in industry, agriculture, and social services; sometimes imposed by the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund as conditions for receiving loans
regions of the same latitude that vary in climate according to altitude
the continent south of Central America
a zone where one tectonic plate slides under another
locations within cities that are attractive to investment, innovative immigrants, and trade, and thus attract economic development like a magnet
a free trade agreement made in 1994 that added Mexico to the 1989 economic arrangement between the United States and Canada
a union of South American nations that was organized in May of 2008; it supersedes Mercosur and the Andean Community of Nations, two previous customs unions