7.11 CHAPTER KEY TERMS

Match the term to its definition by clicking the term first, then the definition.

Question

agroforestry
animism
apartheid
carbon sequestration
commercial agriculture
commodities
commodity dependence
divide and rule
dual economy
female genital mutilation (FGM)
genocide
grassroots economic development
economic development projects designed to provide sustainable livelihoods in rural and urban areas; these often use simple technology that requires minimal or no investment in imported materials
an economy in which the population is divided by economic disparities into two groups, one prosperous and the other near or below the poverty level
the removal and storage of carbon taken from the atmosphere
raw materials that are traded, usually to other countries, for processing or manufacturing into more valuable goods
a system of laws mandating racial segregation. South Africa was an apartheid state from 1948 until 1994
economic dependence on exports of raw materials
the deliberate destruction of an ethnic, racial, or political group
removing the labia and the clitoris and sometimes stitching the vulva nearly shut
growing economically useful crops of trees on farms, in conjunction with the usual plants and crops, to reduce dependence on trees from nonfarmed forests and to provide income to the farmer
the deliberate intensification of divisions and conflicts by potential rulers; in the case of sub-Saharan Africa, by European colonial powers
a belief system in which spirits, including those of the deceased, are thought to exist everywhere and to offer protection to those who pay their respects
farming in which crops are grown deliberately for cash rather than solely as food for the farm family

Question

groundwater
Horn of Africa
intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ)
lingua franca
mixed agriculture
pastoralism
polygyny
Sahel
self-reliant development
shifting cultivation
subsistence agriculture
a band of atmospheric currents that circle the globe roughly at the equator; warm winds from both north and south converge at the ITCZ, pushing air upward and causing copious rainfall
water naturally stored in aquifers as many as 5000 years ago during wetter climate conditions
farming that provides food for only the farmer’s family and is usually done on small farms
small-scale development in rural areas that is focused on developing local skills, creating local jobs, producing products or services for local consumption, and maintaining local control so that participants retain a sense of ownership over the process
the triangular peninsula that juts out from northeastern Africa below the Red Sea and wraps around the Arabian Peninsula
farming that involves raising a diverse array of crops and animals on a single farm, often to take advantage of several environmental riches
the practice of having multiple wives
a band of arid grassland, where steppe and savanna grasses grow, that runs east-west along the southern edge of the Sahara
a way of life based on herding; practiced primarily on savannas, on desert margins, and in the mixture of grass and shrubs called open bush
a language of trade
a productive system of agriculture in which small plots are cleared in forestlands, the dried brush is burned to release nutrients, and the clearings are planted with multiple species; each plot is used for only 2 or 3 years and then abandoned for many years of regrowth