Chapter 1 Outline
Chapter 1 Activities
Chapter 1 Quiz
Communication: Essential Human Behavior
We Must Communicate: The Functional Perspective
Expressing Affiliation
Managing Relationships
Influencing Others
Real Communicator: Vicky Turk
How We Communicate
Characteristics of Communication
Communication Is Symbolic
Communication Requires a Shared Code
Communication Is Linked to Culture
Communication Can Be Unintentional
Communication Occurs Through Various Channels
Communication Is Transactional
Assessing Communicative Value
Communicating Competently
Competent Communication Is Process-Oriented
Competent Communication Is Appropriate and Effective
Appropriate Behavior
Effective Behavior
Competent Communication Involves Communication Skills
Competent Communication Involves Using Technology
Wired for Communication: E-Mail Etiquette
What About You? Assessing Your Competence
Modeling Communication
The Linear Model
The Interaction Model
The Competent Communication Model
The Communicators
The Relational Context
Evaluating Communication Ethics: Friends with Money
The Situational Context
The Cultural Context
Communication Across Cultures: Judging Sex and Gender
The Study of Communication
Things to Try: Activities
Real Reference: A Study Tool
Chapter 2 Outline
Chapter 2 Activities
Chapter 2 Quiz
Perceiving the Self and Others
Perception: Making Sense of Your World
Schemas: Organizing Perceptions
The Function of Schemas
Challenges with Schemas and Perception
Attributions: Interpreting Your Perceptions
Improving Your Perceptions
Perception in a Diverse World
The Cultural Context
Communication Across Cultures: Perceptions of Hair Color
Perceptual Barriers
A Narrow Perspective
Stereotyping
Prejudice
Cognitions About Ourselves
What About You? Need for Cognition Scale
Self-Concept: Who You Think You Are
Evaluating Communication Ethics: Ethics and the Self Concept
Self-Esteem: How You Feel About Yourself
Self-Efficacy: Assessing Your Own Abilities
Assessing Our Perceptions of Self
Real Communicator: Lisa Turay
Self-Actualization
Self-Adequacy
Self-Denigration
Behavior: Managing Our Identities
Self-Presentation
Self-Disclosure
Technology: Managing the Self and Perceptions
Wired for Communication: Avatars
Things to Try: Activities
Real Reference: A Study Tool
Chapter 3 Outline
Chapter 3 Activities
Chapter 3 Quiz
Verbal Communication
The Nature of Language
Language Is Symbolic
Thought Informs Language
Language Is Ruled by Grammar
Language Is Bound by Context
The Functions of Language
Using Language as a Means of Control
Using Language to Share Information
Using Language to Express Feelings
Using Language to Express Creativity
Using Language as Ritual
Language and Meaning
Words Have Multiple Meanings
Abstraction
Group Identification and Meaning
Wired for Communication: Speaking in Code
Problematic Uses of Language
Hateful and Hurtful Language
Labeling
Biased Language
Profanity and Civility
Evaluating Communication Ethics: Resume Language
Language in Context
Situational Context
Relational Context
Cultural Context
Communication Across Cultures: Teaching Twain
Culture, Words, and Thought
Real Communicator: Matt Burgess
Gender and Language
Geography
Mediated Contexts
What About You? Beliefs About “Talk”
Things to Try: Activities
Real Reference: A Study Tool
Chapter 4 Outline
Chapter 4 Activities
Chapter 4 Quiz
Nonverbal Communication
The Nature of Nonverbal Communication
Nonverbal Behavior Is Communicative
Nonverbal Communication Is Often Spontaneous and Unintentional
Nonverbal Communication Is Ambiguous
Nonverbal Communication Is More Believable Than Verbal Communication
Functions of Nonverbal Communication
Reinforcing Verbal Messages
Substituting Verbal Messages
Contradicting Verbal Messages
Managing Impressions and Regulating Interactions
Creating Immediacy
Deceiving Others
What About You? Nonverbal Immediacy Scale
Nonverbal Communication Codes
Gestures and Body Movements
Real Communicator: Octavia Spencer
Facial Expressions
Eye Behavior
Voice
Physical Appearance
Communication Across Cultures: What Nurses Wear
Evaluating Communication Ethics: The Job Killer Tat
Space and Environment
Proxemics
Territoriality
Environment
Touch
Time Orientation
Influences on Nonverbal Communication
Culture and Nonverbal Communication
Mediated Nonverbal Communication
Wired for Communication: War Games without Weapons
The Situational Context
Things to Try: Activities
Real Reference: A Study Tool
Chapter 5 Outline
Chapter 5 Activities
Chapter 5 Quiz
Communication and Culture
Understanding Culture
Culture Is Learned
Culture Affects Communication
Intercultural Communication Matters
A Diverse Society
Mobility
Mediated Interaction
Diverse Organizations
Communication and Cultural Variations
Real Communicator: Vanessa Gonzalez
High-and Low-Context Cultures
Collectivist and Individualist Orientations
Comfort with Uncertainty
Masculine and Feminine Orientations
Approaches to Power Distance
Time Orientation
Value of Emotional Expression
What About You? Cultural Values Assessment
Understanding Group Affiliations
Co-Cultural Communication
Social Identity and Intergroup Communication
Wired for Communication: Online Gamers
Communication Across Cultures: The It Gets Better Project
Intercultural Communication Challenges
Anxiety
Ethnocentrism
Discrimination
Improving Intercultural Communication
Be Mindful
Desire to Learn
Overcome Intergroup Biases
Accommodate Appropriately
Evaluating Communication Ethics: That's Not a Soy Subsititute
Practice Your Skills
Things to Try: Activities
Real Reference: A Study Tool
Chapter 6 Outline
Chapter 6 Activities
Chapter 6 Quiz
Listening
How We Listen
The Listening Process
Affective Component
Cognitive Component
Behavioral Component
Communication Across Cultures: Quick Lesson in Deaf Etiquette
Personal Listening Preferences
What About You? Assess Your Listening Style
The Value of Listening Well
Effective Listening Helps Your Career
Effective Listening Saves Time and Money
Effective Listening Creates Opportunities
Effective Listening Strengthens Relationships
Effective Listening Accomplishes Your Goals
Informational Listening
Critical Listening
Empathic Listening
Appreciative Listening
Listening Challenges
Environmental Factors
Hearing and Processing Challenges
Multitasking
Wired for Communication: Don't Touch that Smartphone
Boredom and Overexcitement
Attitudes About Listening
Talking Seems More Powerful Than Listening
Overconfidence and Laziness
Listening Apprehension
Real Communicator: Tammy Lin
The Ethics of Listening
Defensive Listening
Selective Listening
Self-Absorbed Listening
Pseudolistening
Evaluating Communication Ethics: Listening When You're Sick of Hearing
Listening in Context
The Relational and Situational Listening Contexts
The Cultural Listening Context
The Technology Listening Context
Things to Try: Activities
Real Reference: A Study Tool
Chapter 7 Outline
Chapter 7 Activities
Chapter 7 Quiz
Developing and Maintaining Relationships
Types of Interpersonal Relationships
Family Relationships
Friendship and Social Relationships
Wired for Communication: To Friend or Not to Friend
Romantic Relationships
Online Relationships
Communication Across Cultures: Boys Need Best Friends, Too
Why We Form Relationships
Proximity
Attractive Qualities
Similarity
Personal and Social Needs
Companionship
Stimulation
Meeting Goals
Managing Relationship Dynamics
Costs and Rewards
What About You? Assessing the Costs and Rewards of a Relationship
Reducing Uncertainty
Passive Strategies
Active Strategies
Interactive Strategies
Dialectical Tensions
Autonomy Versus Connection
Openness Versus Closedness
Predictability Versus Novelty
Self-Disclosure and Interpersonal Relationships
Social Penetration Theory
Communication Privacy Management
Strategic Topic Avoidance
Real Communicator: May Hui
Stages of a Relationship
Initiating Stage
Exploratory Stage
Intensification Stage
Stable Stage
Declining Stage
Uncertainty Events
Interference
Unmet Expectations
Evaluating Communication Ethics: Money, Family, and Paying the Bills
Repair Stage
Termination Stage
Reconciliation
Things to Try: Activities
Real Reference: A Study Tool
Chapter 8 Outline
Chapter 8 Activities
Chapter 8 Quiz
Managing Conflict in Relationships
Understanding Conflict
Unproductive Conflict
Productive Conflict
Productive Conflict Fosters Healthy Debate
Productive Conflict Leads to Better Decision-Making
Productive Conflict Spurs Relationship Growth
Conflict Triggers
Inaccurate Perceptions
Incompatible Goals
Unbalanced Costs and Rewards
Provocation
Factors Affecting Conflict
Power Dynamics
Attitudes Toward Conflict
Communication Climate
Culture and Conflict
Cultural Orientation
Co-Cultures
Communication Channel
Online Anonymity and Conflict
Wired for Communication: Locking Down Trolls versus Free Speech
Conflict Styles
Communication Across Cultures: Yours, Mine, and Both of Ours
Escapist Styles
Competitive Styles
Cooperative Styles
Evaluating Communication Ethics: The Accidental Relationship Counselor
What About You? Self-Assessment on Conflict Management Styles
Reconciliation
Apology
Forgiveness
Real Communicator: Annonymous
Things to Try: Activities
Real Reference: A Study Tool
Chapter 9 Outline
Chapter 9 Activities
Chapter 9 Quiz
Communicating in Groups
Understanding Groups
Characteristics of Groups
Wired for Communication: Smart Mobs
Types of Groups
Models of Group Development
Tuckman’s Model of Group Development
Gersick’s Punctuated Equilibrium Model
Real Communicator: Jack Mackenzie
Complexity of Group Communication
Size and Complexity of Groups
The Formation of Cliques
Social Loafing
What About You? Are You a "Social Loafer"?
Group Networks
Chain Networks
All-Channel Networks
Wheel Networks
Understanding Group Roles
Task Roles
Social Roles
Antigroup Roles
Role Conflict
Status
Group Climate
Cohesion
Communication Across Cultures: The International American Pastime
Norms
Clarity of Goals
Individual Differences
Cultural Factors
Communication Apprehension
Evaluating Communication Ethics: Sketchy Behavior
Assertiveness and Argumentativeness
Things to Try: Activities
Real Reference: A Study Tool
Chapter 10 Outline
Chapter 10 Activities
Chapter 10 Quiz
Leadership and Decision Making in Groups
Understanding Group Leadership
Five Sources of Power
Communication Across Cultures: Leaning in versus Gender Judo
Shared Leadership
Group Leadership Styles
Directive
Supportive
Participative
Laissez-Faire
Achievement Oriented
Leadership Qualities
What About You? What Type of Leader Are You?
Unethical Leadership
Evaluating Communication Ethics: Leading the Interns
Culture and Group Leadership
Gender and Leadership
Cultural Variations
Decision Making in Groups
Groupthink
Forces That Shape Group Decision Making
Cognitive Forces
Psychological Forces
Social Forces
The Problem-Solving Process
Identifying the Problem
Analyzing the Problem
Generating Solutions
Evaluating and Choosing Solutions
Implementing the Solution
Assessing the Results
Leadership in Meetings
Planning Meetings Effectively
Justify the Meeting
Clarify the Purpose and the Participants
Set an Agenda
Managing Meetings Effectively
Arrive Prepared
Keep the Group Focused
Keep an Eye on the Time
Manage Distractions
Manage Conflict
Summarize Periodically
Follow Up
Real Communicator: Aaron Tolson
Using Meeting Technology Effectively
Wired for Communication: Leadership. With Lasers.
Evaluating Group Performance
Informational Considerations
Procedural Effectiveness
Interpersonal Performance
Individual Performance
Things to Try: Activities
Real Reference: A Study Tool
Chapter 11 Outline
Chapter 11 Activities
Chapter 11 Quiz
Communicating in Organizations
Approaches to Managing Organizations
Classical Management Approach
Human Relations Approach
Human Resources Approach
The Systems Approach
Communicating Organizational Culture
Organizational Storytelling
Learning About Organizational Culture
Real Communicator: Kibibi Springs
Relational Contexts in Organizations
Supervisor–Supervisee Relationships
Mentor–Protégé Relationships
Peer Relationships
Evaluating Communication Ethics: More than Friends at Work
Challenges Facing Today’s Organizations
Workplace Conflict
Communication Technology
Wired for Communication: Working Here, There, and Everywhere
Globalization
Work–Life Balance
Communication Across Cultures: Work-Life Balance
What About You? Are You Off Balance?
Sexual Harassment
Things to Try: Activities
Real Reference: A Study Tool
Chapter 12 Outline
Chapter 12 Activities
Chapter 12 Quiz
Preparing and Researching Presentations
The Power of Public Speaking
Clarifying the General Purpose of Your Speech
Informative Speeches
Persuasive Speeches
Special-Occasion Speeches
Analyzing Your Audience
Considering Audience Expectations and Situational Factors
Considering Audience Demographics and Psychographics
Anticipating Your Audience’s Response
What About You? Assessing Your Audience Analysis
Real Communicator: Matt Schermerhorn
Choosing Your Topic
Finding a Topic That Intrigues You
Brainstorming and Clustering
Narrowing Your Topic
Determining the Specific Purpose of Your Speech
Developing a Thesis Statement
Researching the Topic
Types of Information to Consider
Testimony
Scholarship and Statistics
Anecdotes
Quotations
Communication Across Cultures: No Longer a Victim
Researching Supporting Material
Talk to People
Search the Literature
Make the Most of Online Research
Wired for Communication: The Library in the Sky
Evaluating Supporting Material
Credible Sources
Up-to-Date Sources
Accurate Sources
Compelling Sources
Ethical Speaking: Taking Responsibility for Your Speech
Recognizing Plagiarism
Evaluating Communication Ethics: Didn’t I Already Say That?
Taking Accurate Notes
Speaking Ethically and Responsibly
Things to Try: Activities
Real Reference: A Study Tool
Chapter 13 Outline
Chapter 13 Activities
Chapter 13 Quiz
Organizing, Writing, and Outlining Presentations
Organizing Your Speech Points
Identifying Your Main Points
Supporting Your Main Points
Arranging Your Points
Chronological Pattern
Topical Pattern
Spatial Pattern
Problem–Solution Pattern
Cause–Effect Pattern
Narrative Pattern
Motivated Sequence Pattern
Evaluating Communication Ethics: The Ethics of Using Research
Connecting Your Points
Transitions
Signposts
Internal Previews and Internal Summaries
Using Language That Works
Communication Across Cultures: Evidence, Popular Culture, and the CSI Effect
Respect Your Audience
Keep It Simple
Use Vivid Language
Incorporate Repetition, Allusion, and Comparisons
Repetition
Allusion
Comparisons: Similes and Metaphors
Writing a Strong Introduction
Capture Your Audience’s Attention
Use Surprise
Tell a Story
Start with a Quote
Ask a Question
Make Them Laugh
Introduce Your Purpose and Thesis
Preview Your Main Points
Connect with Your Audience
Writing a Strong Conclusion
Signal the End
Reinforce Your Topic, Purpose, and Main Points
Make an Impact
Real Communicator: Chad Ludwig
Quotations
Statements and Questions
A Final Story
Reference the Introduction
Challenge the Audience to Respond
Outlining Your Speech
Wired for Communication: Bullets on the Brain
Essentials of Outlining
Styles of Outlines
Sentence Outline
Phrase Outline
Key-Word Outline
What About You? Assessing Your Outlining Skills
From Preparation Outline to Speaking Outline
Things to Try: Activities
Real Reference: A Study Tool
Chapter 14 Outline
Chapter 14 Activities
Chapter 14 Quiz
Delivering Presentations
Understanding and Addressing Anxiety
Identifying Anxiety Triggers
Upsetting Experiences
Fear of Evaluation
Distaste for Attention
What About You? Personal Report of Public Speaking Anxiety
Building Your Confidence
Wired for Communication: Facing Your Public Speakings Fears
Methods of Delivery
Speaking from Manuscript
Speaking from Memory
Speaking Spontaneously
Speaking Extemporaneously
Guidelines for Effective Delivery
Effective Vocal Delivery
Vary Your Pitch
Adjusting Your Speaking Rate and Volume
Using Pauses for Effect
Speaking Clearly and Precisely
Communication Across Cultures: You Sound Like You're From...
Effective Visual Delivery
Dressing for the Occasion
Using Effective Eye Behavior
Incorporating Facial Expressions and Gestures
Controlling Body Movements
Connecting with Your Audience
Evaluating Communication Ethics: Judging Speeches
Expressing Emotion
Adapting to Your Audience
Creating Immediacy with Your Audience
Real Communicator: Tonya Graves
Additional Guidelines for Online Speech Delivery
Effective Presentation Aids
The Function of Presentation Aids
Types of Presentation Aids
Props and Models
Media Clips and Images
Graphs and Charts
Posters and Transparencies
Flip Charts and Whiteboards
Handouts
Presentation Slideware
Practicing Your Speech
Remember Your Speaking Outline
Practice Using Presentation Aids
Simulate the Situation
Practice Your Delivery
Things to Try: Activities
Real Reference: A Study Tool
Chapter 15 Outline
Chapter 15 Activities
Chapter 15 Quiz
Informative Speaking
The Goals of Informative Speaking
Meeting the Audience’s Informational Needs
Informing, Not Persuading
Speaking Appropriately and Ethically
Topics for Informative Presentations
People
Places
What About You? Informative or Persuasive?
Objects and Phenomena
Events
Processes
Concepts
Issues
Plans and Policies
Evaluating Communication Ethics: Ulterior Motives
Approaches to Conveying Information
Wired for Communication: Talk Amongst Yourselves
Description
Demonstration
Definition
Explanation
Clarifying Concepts
Explaining the Big Picture
Challenging Intuition
Communication Across Cultures: Let's Talk About Sex
Guidelines for Informative Speeches
Create Information Hunger
Arouse People’s Curiosity
Work Your Topic
Make It Easy
Choose a Clear Organization and Structure
Emphasize Important Points
Don’t Overwhelm Your Audience
Real Communicator: K.C. Ellis
Build on Prior Knowledge
Define Your Terms
Use Interesting and Appropriate Supporting Material
Use Appropriate Presentation Aids
Sample Student Informative Speech 15.1: Social Media, Social Identity, Social Causes
Speaking Outline
Things to Try: Activities
Real Reference: A Study Tool
Chapter 16 Outline
Chapter 16 Activities
Chapter 16 Quiz
Persuasive Speaking
The Goals of Persuasive Speaking
Developing a Persuasive Topic and Thesis
Propositions of Fact
What About You? Persuasion Resistance Scale
Propositions of Value
Propositions of Policy
Persuading Your Audience
Understanding Your Audience’s Disposition
Understanding Your Audience’s Needs
Understanding What Is Relevant to Your Audience
Wired for Communication: Interactive Advertising
Strategies for Persuasive Speaking
Evaluating Communication Ethics: Emotional Punch or Sucker Punch?
Ethos
Logos
Pathos
Communication Across Cultures: Persuading Across Borders
Real Communicator: Bryan Au
Logical Fallacies
Bandwagoning
Reduction to the Absurd
Red Herring
Personal Attacks
Hasty Generalization
Begging the Question
Either–Or Fallacy
Appeal to Tradition
The Slippery Slope
The Naturalistic Fallacy
Organizing Patterns in Persuasive Speaking
Problem–Solution Pattern
Refutational Organizational Pattern
Comparative Advantage Pattern
Monroe’s Motivated Sequence
Sample Student Persuasive Speech 16.1: Preventing Cyberbullying
Speaking Outline
Things to Try: Activities
Real Reference: A Study Tool
Appendix A Outline
Appendix A Activities
Appendix A Quiz
Competent Interviewing
The Nature of Interviews
Types of Interviews
Information-Gathering Interviews
Persuasive Interviews
Appraisal Interviews
Exit Interviews
Selection Interviews
Evaluating Communication Ethics: Surveys
The Format of an Interview
The Opening
The Questions
Types of Questions
Question Impact
Question Sequence
Real Communicator: Cynthia Guadalupe Inda
The Conclusion
Understanding Roles and Responsibilities in Interviews
Responsibilities of the Interviewer
Identify Potential Barriers
Make the Interviewee Comfortable
Ask Ethical and Appropriate Questions
Listen and Respond Effectively
Responsibilities of the Interviewee
Clarify and Fulfill Personal Goals
Prepare Yourself Responsibly
Listen and Respond Effectively
Shared Responsibilities
Communication Across Cultures: Cultural Competence in Social Work
The Job Interview
Getting the Interview
The Job Search
Prepare Your Materials
Wired for Communication: Pre-presenting Yourself
Build Realistic Expectations
During the Interview
Making a Good First Impression
Anticipating Common Questions
Dealing with Difficult or Unethical Questions
Asking Questions of Your Own
Self-Assessment: How Well Do You Interview?
Following Up After the Interview
Things to Try: Activities
Real Reference: A Study Tool
Appendix B Outline
Appendix B Activities
Appendix B Quiz
Understanding Mass and Mediated Communication
The Nature of Media
Defining Mass and Mediated Communication
The Pervasiveness of Media
Understanding Mass Media Messages
The Business of Media
Sources of Revenue
Evaluating Communication Ethics: Music Piracy
Broad Versus Narrow Appeal
Minimizing Risk
Free Speech and Media Bias
The First Amendment
Electronic Media Regulation
Media Bias
Communication Across Cultures: The Bechdel Test
Effects of Mass Media
Selectivity and the Active Audience
Uses and Gratifications
Reinforcing Existing Attitudes
The Third Person Effect
Influences on Attitudes and Behaviors
Social Cognitive Theory
Cultivation Theory
Agenda Setting
Converging Media Technologies
Democratic and Social Participation
Connecting Marginalized Voices
Wired for Communication: New Life on the Internet?
Empowering Individuals
Barriers to Participation
Digital Disparities
Ineffective Participation
Becoming a More Mindful Media Consumer
Monitor Your Media Use and Exposure
Consider the Source of Media Messages
Be Aware of Media Effects
Understand the Grammar of Media
Real Communicator: Carly Gilleland
Self-Assessment: Are You Dependent on the Internet?
Actively Evaluate Media Messages
Things to Try: Activities
Real Reference: A Study Tool
Assimilation
Collectivist Culture
High Context Culture
High Contact Culture
High Power Distance Culture
Individualist Culture
Low Context Culture
Low Power Distance Culture
“I” Language
Low Contact Culture
Anonymity
Trolling
Adaptors
Social Comparison Theory
Mentor
Protégé