People naturally bring different sets of expectations and emotions to a speech event (O’Hair, Stewart, & Rubenstein, 2012). And as with other forms of communication discussed in this book, competent public speaking involves understanding and acknowledging the expectations of your communication partners—in this case, your audience.

Audiences are likely to have expectations about your speech based on the speaking situation, their cultural norms for public speaking, and even their knowledge about you as an individual or as a speaker. For example, think about the types of expectations you bring to a wedding toast. Would you expect a best man to say the bride is untrustworthy because she cheated on her taxes last year? This would clearly defy tradition and cultural expectations. Similarly, as we learned from some Russian colleagues, an American businessperson giving a speech in Moscow might defy audience expectations by coming right to the point when informing them about a particular technology. In Russia, audiences expect speeches to favor storytelling rather than direct fact sharing.

Audiences can also be influenced by a variety of situational factors that you cannot always plan for. Be aware of issues such as the time of day of your speech, events happening in the outside world, or the comfort and attractiveness of the room. These issues do matter when attempting to hold an audience’s attention. Even the size of the audience is a relevant situational factor, as large (more than forty members) or small audiences may demand more or less interpersonal interaction, depending on your topic. To be a competent speaker, you should consider all of these factors when preparing your speech.