Chapter 2 Quiz

1. Question

   _____________ refers to being aware of yourself and tuning out distractions to focus.

   A.

   Self-monitoring

   B.

   Cognitive processing

   C.

   Undue influence

   D.

   Mindfulness

2. Question

   Janet is transferring from a community college to a university in the fall. She’s considering applying to the university that her favorite professor attended even though she knows very little about the school or its programs. Which of the following appears to be challenging Janet’s perception?

   A.

   undue influence

   B.

   narrow perspective

   C.

   fundamental attribution

   D.

   selective perception

3. Question

   _________ occurs when we use personal characteristics to explain other people’s behavior.

   A.

   Attribution

   B.

   Cognitive assessment

   C.

   Communication competence

   D.

   Selective self-presentation

4. Question

   Which of the following is NOT a recommendation for improving perceptions?

   A.

   being thoughtful when seeking explanations

   B.

   relying on attributions

   C.

   questioning assumptions

   D.

   looking beyond first impressions

5. Question

   ___________ refers to failing to consider other cultural perspectives because of a belief that one’s own culture is appropriate and relevant to all people in all situations.

   A.

   Affiliation expression

   B.

   Cultural myopia

   C.

   Stereotyping

   D.

   Prejudice

6. Question

   Which of the following is the best definition of stereotyping?

   A.

   deep-seated feelings of unkindness and ill will toward particular groups

   B.

   comparing ourselves to others in the process of developing ideas about ourselves

   C.

   actively choosing to focus on a particular stimulus in our schemas

   D.

   applying an existing schema to individuals because they are from a particular group

7. Question

   Which of the following is defined as your awareness and understanding of who you are, as interpreted and influenced by our thoughts, actions, values, abilities, values, goals, and ideals?

   A.

   self-esteem

   B.

   self-monitoring

   C.

   self-concept

   D.

   self-denigration

8. Question

   Which of the following refers to our perceptions of our likelihood of achieving a successful communication outcome?

   A.

   self-esteem

   B.

   self-denigration

   C.

   self-concept

   D.

   self-efficacy

9. Question

   John believes he is not good at giving presentations. Due to his self-perception, he put off preparing for his end-of-semester presentation until the last minute, giving him little time to prepare or practice. John’s low opinion of his speaking ability led to ____________.

   A.

   poor self-monitoring

   B.

   self-denigration

   C.

   a self-fulfilling prophecy

   D.

   self-stereotyping

10. Question

    ________ watch other people’s nonverbal behavior, take note of their interests, and pay attention to how they respond in certain situations to modify their behavior and display situation-appropriate communication behaviors.

    A.

    High self-monitors

    B.

    Individuals high in self-efficacy

    C.

    Low self-monitors

    D.

    Self-disclosers

1. Question

   People often view the world through their own set of experiences.

   A.

   True

   B.

   False

2. Question

   Schemas help us understand how things work and how to behave in a particular situation.

   A.

   True

   B.

   False

3. Question

   Selective perception is the process of giving a piece of information greater credibility than it warrants.

   A.

   False

   B.

   True

4. Question

   External attributions occur when we attribute someone’s behavior to circumstances outside their control.

   A.

   True

   B.

   False

5. Question

   Perceptions based on attributions are often the most accurate.

   A.

   False

   B.

   True

6. Question

   Cultural myopia is a form of nearsightedness grounded in the belief that one’s own culture is appropriate and relevant in all situations and to all people.

   A.

   False

   B.

   True

7. Question

   Prejudice is a deep-seated feeling of unkindness and ill will toward particular groups, often accompanied by feelings of superiority over those groups.

   A.

   True

   B.

   False

8. Question

   High self-esteem can lead to higher self-efficacy in a given situation.

   A.

   False

   B.

   True

9. Question

   Self-actualization is the most positive evaluation you can make about your competence level.

   A.

   False

   B.

   True

10. Question

    People can control a greater amount of what they share about themselves in technologically mediated settings than in face-to-face interactions.

    A.

    True

    B.

    False

1. Question

   Name and describe the four challenges schemas present to communication.

   
   ⚬ May lead to mindlessness (characterized by processing information passively and is signaled by reduced cognitive activity, inaccurate recall, and uncritical evaluation of the information at hand)
   ⚬ May lead to selective perception (selectively choosing which stimuli to focus on)
   ⚬ May lead to distorted perception (being influenced by previous perceptions or vivid information)
   ⚬ May involve undue influence (giving greater credibility or importance to something than is deserved)

2. Question

   What two biases may lead to misperceptions in communication?

   
   ⚬ Fundamental attribution error (the tendency to overemphasize the internal causes and underestimate the external causes of behaviors we see in others)
   ⚬ Self-serving bias (attributing our own successes to internal factors and our failures to situational or external effects)

3. Question

   Describe the three important influences on our cognition that affect how we perceive ourselves.

   
   ⚬ Self-concept (awareness and understanding of who we are, as interpreted and influenced by our thoughts, actions, abilities, values, goals, and ideals)
   ⚬ Self-esteem (how we feel about ourselves in a particular situation or context)
   ⚬ Self-efficacy (the ability to predict our actual success based on our self-concept and self-esteem; our perception of the likelihood of achieving effective outcomes in our communication)

4. Question

   In which three ways are our perceptions evaluated?

   
   ⚬ Self-actualization (feeling fulfilled and satisfied when we know that we have negotiated a communication situation as well as we possibly could have)
   ⚬ Self-adequacy (assessing our communication competence as sufficient or acceptable, resulting in either feelings of contentment or a desire for self-improvement)
   ⚬ Self-denigration (criticizing or attacking ourselves by placing undue importance on weaknesses or shortcomings)

5. Question

   Name the three ways in which we manage our identities in communication.

   
   ⚬ Self-presentation (intentional communication designed to show elements of self for strategic purposes)
   ⚬ Self-monitoring (the ability to watch our environment and others in it for cues as to how to present ourselves in particular situations)
   ⚬ Self-disclosure (revealing ourselves to others by sharing personal information)