Reflect & Relate, Third Edition
Preface
Features
What’s New in the Third Edition?
Digital Options
Resources for Students and Instructors
Resources for Students
Resources for Instructors
Acknowledgments
Introducing Interpersonal Communication
What Is Communication?
Defining Communication
Understanding Communication Models
What Is Interpersonal Communication?
Defining Interpersonal Communication
Principles of Interpersonal Communication
Motives for Interpersonal Communication
Research in Interpersonal Communication
What Is Interpersonal Communication Competence?
Understanding Competence
Self-Quiz: Test Your Self-Disclosure
Improving Your Competence Online
Issues in Interpersonal Communication
Culture
Intercultural Competence
Gender and Sexual Orientation
Online Communication
The Dark Side of Interpersonal Relationships
Self-Quiz: The Dark Side of Interpersonal Relationships
Making Relationship Choices: Dealing with a Difficult Friend
The Journey Ahead
Postscript
Chapter Review
Considering Self
The Components of Self
Self-Awareness
Self-Concept
Self-Esteem
How Does the Media Shape Your Self-Esteem?
Self-Quiz: Test Your Self-Esteem
The Sources of Self
Gender and Self
Family and Self
Culture and Self
Presenting Your Self
Maintaining Your Public Self
The Importance of Online Self-Presentation
Improving Your Online Self-Presentation
The Relational Self
Opening Your Self to Others
Self-Quiz: Discover Your Attachment Style
Your Hidden and Revealed Self
Disclosing Your Self to Others
Making Relationship Choices: Ethics and Self-Disclosure
Improving Your Self
Postscript
Chapter Review
Perceiving Others
Perception as a Process
Selecting Information
Organizing the Information You’ve Selected
Interpreting the Information
Reducing Uncertainty
Influences on Perception
Perception and Culture
Perceiving Race
Perception and Gender
Personality
Self-Quiz: What Kind of Personality Do You Have?
Forming Impressions of Others
Constructing Gestalts
Calculating Algebraic Impressions
Using Stereotypes
Improving Your Perception of Others
Offering Empathy
Self-Quiz: Test Your Empathy
Embracing World-Mindedness
Checking Your Perception
Making Relationship Choices: Balancing Impressions and Empathy
Practicing Responsible Perception
Postscript
Chapter Review
Experiencing and Expressing Emotions
The Nature of Emotion
Defining Emotion
Feelings and Moods
Types of Emotions
Happiness across Cultures
Forces Shaping Emotion
Culture
Gender
Personality
Managing Your Emotional Experience and Expression
Emotional Intelligence
Self-Quiz: Assessing Your Emotional Intelligence
Managing Your Emotions After They Occur
Preventing Emotions
Reappraising Your Emotions
Emotional Challenges
Online Communication and Empathy Deficits
Anger
Self-Quiz: Test Your Chronic Hostility
Passion
Grief
Making Relationship Choices: Managing Anger and Providing Support
Living a Happy Emotional Life
Postscript
Chapter Review
Listening Actively
Listening: A Five-Step Process
Receiving
Attending
Self-Quiz: Multitasking and Attention
Understanding
Responding
Recalling
When Nobody Will Listen
The Five Functions of Listening
Listening to Comprehend
Listening to Discern
Listening to Analyze
Listening to Appreciate
Listening to Support
Adapting Your Listening Purpose
Understanding Listening Styles
Four Listening Styles
Self-Quiz: Discover Your Listening Styles
Gender Differences in Listening Styles
Culture and Listening Styles
Preventing Incompetent Listening
Selective Listening
Eavesdropping
Pseudo-Listening
Aggressive Listening
Narcissistic Listening
Making Relationship Choices: Listening When You Don’t Want To
The Gift of Active Listening
Postscript
Chapter Review
Communicating Verbally
Characteristics of Verbal Communication
Language Is Symbolic
Language Is Governed by Rules
Language Is Flexible
Self-Quiz: Test Your Knowledge of American Dialects
Language Is Cultural
Language Evolves
Functions of Verbal Communication
Sharing Meaning
Shaping Thought
Naming
Challenging Traditional Gender Labels
Performing Actions
Crafting Conversations
Managing Relationships
Cooperative Verbal Communication
Understandable Messages
Using “I” Language
Using “We” Language
Gender and Cooperative Verbal Communication
Culture and Cooperative Verbal Communication
Barriers to Cooperative Verbal Communication
Communication Apprehension
Defensive Communication
Verbal Aggression
Deception
Self-Quiz: Test Your Deception Acceptance
Making Relationship Choices: Dealing with Difficult Truths
The Power of Verbal Communication
Postscript
Chapter Review
Communicating Nonverbally
Principles of Nonverbal Communication
Nonverbal Communication Uses Multiple Channels
Nonverbal Communication Is More Ambiguous
Nonverbal Communication Has Fewer Rules
Nonverbal Communication Has More Meaning
Nonverbal Communication Is Influenced by Culture
Nonverbal Communication Is Influenced by Gender
Nonverbal Communication Is Liberated through Technology
Nonverbal and Verbal Combine to Create Communication
Nonverbal Communication Codes
Communicating through Body Movements
Communicating through Voice
Communicating through Touch
Touch and Distance
Communicating through Personal Space
Communicating through Time
Self-Quiz: Are You an M-Time or a P-Time Person?
Communicating through Physical Appearance
Communicating through Objects
Communicating through the Environment
Functions of Nonverbal Communication
Conveying Meanings
Expressing Emotion
Presenting Self
Managing Interactions
Defining Relationships
Self-Quiz: Test Your Nonverbal Dominance Knowledge
Making Relationship Choices: Dealing with Mixed Messages
Competently Managing Your Nonverbal Communication
Postscript
Chapter Review
Managing Conflict and Power
Conflict and Interpersonal Communication
What Is Conflict?
Conflict in Relationships
Power and Conflict
Power’s Defining Characteristics
Power Currencies
Power and Culture
Self-Quiz: Are You a High or a Low Power-Distance Person?
Power and Gender
Handling Conflict
Approaches to Handling Conflict
Self-Quiz: How Do You Approach Conflict?
Gender and Handling Conflict
Culture and Handling Conflict
Accommodation and Radical Pacifism
Technology and Handling Conflict
Conflict Endings
Short-Term Conflict Resolutions
Long-Term Conflict Outcomes
Challenges to Handling Conflict
Self-Enhancing Thoughts
Destructive Messages
Serial Arguments
Physical Violence
Unsolvable Disputes
Making Relationship Choices: Dealing with Family Conflict
Managing Conflict and Power
Postscript
Chapter Review
Relationships with Romantic Partners
Defining Romantic Relationships
Liking and Loving
Different Types of Romantic Love
Self-Quiz: Test Your Love Attitudes
Key Elements of Romantic Relationships
Romantic Attraction
Proximity
Physical Attractiveness
Similarity
Reciprocal Liking
Resources
Technology and Romantic Attraction
Relationship Development and Deterioration
Coming Together
Coming Apart
Maintaining Romantic Relationships
Maintenance Strategies
Maintaining Romance across Distance
Deciding Whether to Maintain
The Dark Side of Romantic Relationships
Betrayal
Self-Quiz: How Often Do You Betray Romantic Partners?
Jealousy
Infidelity Internationally
Relational Intrusion
Dating Violence
Making Relationship Choices: Dealing with a Jealous Partner
The Hard Work of Successful Love
Postscript
Chapter Review
Relationships with Family Members
Defining Family
Defining Characteristics of Family
Types of Family
Family Stories
Communicating in Families
Communication Dimensions
Family Communication Patterns
Self Quiz: What Communication Pattern Does Your Family Have?
Maintaining Family Relationships
Maintenance Strategies for Families
Technology And Family Maintenance
Dealing with Family Dialectics
Autonomy and Class: Helicopter Parents
Family Relationship Challenges
Stepfamily Transition
Parental Favoritism
Self Quiz: How Much Family Favoritism Exists?
Interparental Conflict
Making Relationship Choices
The Primacy of Family
POSTSCRIPT
Chapter Review
Pluralistic Families
Laissez-Faire Families
Relationships with Friends
The Nature of Friendship
Friendship Defined
Friendship Functions
Friendship across the Life Span
Friendship, Culture, and Gender
Friendship and Technology
Types of Friendship
Best Friends
Self-Quiz: What Kind of Friend Are You?
Cross-Category Friendships
Cross-Orientation Male Friendships
Maintaining Friendships
Following Friendship Rules
Maintenance Strategies for Friends
Friendship Challenges
Betrayal
Geographic Separation
Self-Quiz: Friendship Distance-Durability
Attraction: Romance and FWB Relationships
Making Relationship Choices: Choosing between Friends
The Importance of Friends
POSTSCRIPT
Chapter Review
Relationships in the Workplace
The Nature of Workplace Relationships
The Culture of the Workplace
Networks in the Workplace
Organizational Climates
Technology in the Workplace
Peer Relationships
Types of Peer Relationships
Maintaining Peer Relationships
Self-Quiz: Test Your Maintenance of Peer Relationships
Mixed-Status Relationships
Managing Up
Communicating with Subordinates
The Model Minority Myth
Maintaining Mixed-Status Relationships
Challenges to Workplace Relationships
Workplace Bullying
Workplace Romances
Sexual Harassment
Self-Quiz: Test Your Perception of Sexual Harassment
Making Relationship Choices: Dealing with Workplace Abuse
Workplace Relationships and Human Happiness
POSTSCRIPT
Chapter Review
Glossary
References
Index