Using the Simple Past Tense and Present Perfect Tense

1. Numerous charges of racial profiling (increased / have increased) the tension between local police and members of various ethnic groups.

   Question

   A.

   increased

   B.

   have increased

   Using the Simple Past Tense and Present Perfect Tense - Question 1
2. Law enforcement agencies (used / have used) profiling for a long time.

   Question

   A.

   used

   B.

   have used

   Using the Simple Past Tense and Present Perfect Tense - Question 2
3. With this practice, they (attempted / have attempted) to identify people who might be participating in criminal activity by their behavior and the conditions of a particular situation.

   Question

   A.

   attempted

   B.

   have attempted

   Using the Simple Past Tense and Present Perfect Tense - Question 3
4. Once these “profiled” individuals (were singled out / have been singled out), the police questioned or searched them for drugs, guns, or other illegal material.

   Question

   A.

   were singled out

   B.

   have been singled out

   Using the Simple Past Tense and Present Perfect Tense - Question 4
5. In 1998, an investigation of the New Jersey State Police (raised / has raised) the public’s awareness of this issue.

   Question

   A.

   raised

   B.

   has raised

   Using the Simple Past Tense and Present Perfect Tense - Question 5
6. The extensive publicity from this investigation (defined / has defined) racial profiling as the separating out of members of racial or ethnic groups for minor traffic or criminal offenses.

   Question

   A.

   defined

   B.

   has defined

   Using the Simple Past Tense and Present Perfect Tense - Question 6
7. Investigators reviewing past law-enforcement activity concluded that the New Jersey State Police (violated / have violated) civil rights on numerous occasions.

   Question

   A.

   violated

   B.

   have violated

   Using the Simple Past Tense and Present Perfect Tense - Question 7
8. Since this case was made public, other police departments (initiated / have initiated) investigations into their own possible profiling activities.

   Question

   A.

   initiated

   B.

   have initiated

   Using the Simple Past Tense and Present Perfect Tense - Question 8
9. Similarly, communities (started / have started) to demand that the police be more accountable in their relationships with members of minority racial or ethnic groups.

   Question

   A.

   started

   B.

   have started

   Using the Simple Past Tense and Present Perfect Tense - Question 9
10. The issue of profiling (endured / has endured) in the public mind and continues to be controversial.

    Question

    A.

    endured

    B.

    has endured

    Using the Simple Past Tense and Present Perfect Tense - Question 10