Figure 10.4 Parasite occurrence in coral reef fishes Coral reefs protected from fishing have higher fish densities. A survey of five different species of fish found that fish living in a reef that is subject to fishing pressure contained fewer species of parasites than the same species living in a reef that is protected from fishing. Error bars are 95% confidence intervals.

Data from K. D. Lafferty, J. C. Shaw, and A. M. Kuris, Reef fishes have higher parasite richness at unfished Palmyra Atoll compared to fished Kiritmati Island, EcoHealth 5 (2008): 338–345.