Figure 15.16 Transmission of fungal spores in the yellow dungfly. Infected flies climb up a plant, position themselves upside down on the underside of a leaf, and die as the spores erupt from their abdomen. In contrast, uninfected flies position themselves lower on plants and sit upright on the top sides of leaves.

Based on D. P. Maitland, A parasitic fungus infecting yellow dungflies manipulates host perching behavior, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B 258 (1994): 187–193. Photos by (top) Biosphoto/Julien Boisard; and (bottom) Michael Hutchinson/naturepl.com.