Figure 15.18 Parasite-induced changes in isopod behavior. When isopods are not infected by parasites, they generally stay under cover whether there are fish present or not. When they are infected, the isopods move out from under the cover, which makes them susceptible to predatory fish. Error bars are standard errors.

Data from L. J. Hetchel et al., Modification of antipredator behavior of Caecidotea intermedius by its parasite Acanthocephalus dirus, Ecology 74 (1993): 710–713.