Figure 17.22 Ecosystem effects of fungal diversity. When researchers manipulated increases in the species diversity of mycorrhizal fungi, they observed an increase in (a) the total amount of phosphorus in the plants, (b) the total biomass of roots, and (c) the total biomass of shoots. Error bars are standard errors.
Data from A. G. A. van der Heijden et al., Mycorrhizal fungal diversity determines plant biodiversity, ecosystem variability, and productivity, Nature 396 (1998): 69–72.