1. Explain the difference between weather and climate in terms of temporal variation.

2. How could spatial heterogeneity be perceived by an organism as temporal heterogeneity?

3. What does it mean when an organism faces a phenotypic trade-off?

4. Why does the evolution of phenotypically plastic traits require reliable environmental cues?

5. Under what conditions might phenotypic plasticity not evolve and why?

6. If self-fertilization results in low fitness due to many nonviable offspring, why would an organism choose self-fertilization as a mating strategy?

7. If a plant can improve its ability to obtain water by growing more roots, why shouldn’t the plant always grow more roots?

8. Explain how migration is a phenotypically plastic behavior.

9. Distinguish between diapause, hibernation, torpor, and aestivation.

10. Explain why a central place forager should alter its foraging behavior as the location of food becomes farther away.