1. What is the difference between genes and alleles?

2. Why is it essential that traits be inherited for evolution to occur?

3. The insecticide DDT has been widely used to control the mosquitoes that carry malaria. How would you explain the fact that many mosquito populations are now resistant to DDT?

4. What are the three primary sources of genetic variation?

5. Compare and contrast evolution by artificial selection with evolution by natural selection.

6. Compare and contrast the processes of bottleneck effects and founder effects.

7. How should stabilizing selection and disruptive selection affect the magnitude of phenotypic variation from one generation to the next?

8. What is the assumption used when arranging species on a phylogenetic tree?

9. Distinguish between microevolution and macroevolution.

10. What is the difference between the processes involved in allopatric speciation and sympatric speciation?