| Personality disorder | Affect | Behavior | Cognition | Social functioning |
|---|
| Odd/eccentric: Cluster A |
| Paranoid | Easily feels betrayed and angry | Hypervigilant for betrayal | Distrustful/suspicious of others; reads malevolent meaning into neutral remarks | Generally avoids relationships |
| Schizoid | Emotionally constricted, detached | Avoids people when possible | Views relationships as messy and undesirable | Indifferent to praise or criticism; generally avoids relationships |
| Schizotypal | Generally emotionally constricted but displays inappropriate affect and anxiety | Avoids people whenever possible | Perceptual distortions, ideas of reference, magical thinking | Generally avoids relationships |
| Dramatic/erratic: Cluster B |
| Antisocial | Aggressive feelings toward others, lack of empathy | Generally poor impulse control | Believes that he or she is entitled to break rules | Dominant in relationships |
| Borderline | Emotionally expressive, with inappropriately strong and rapid reactions | Poor impulse control | Dramatic shifts between overvaluing and undervaluing others; may develop paranoid thinking under stress | Alternately dominant and submissive in relationships |
| Histrionic | Rapidly shifting but shallow emotions | Relatively poor impulse control; strives to be center of attention | Wants to be the center of attention | Dominant in relationships |
| Narcissistic | No empathy; haughty toward others | Manipulates others | Grandiosity | Dominant in relationships |
| Fearful/anxious: Cluster C |
| Avoidant | Anxiety in social situations | Overcontrol of behavior | Excessively negative self-opinion; worries about being rejected or criticized | Submissive in relationships, but generally avoids them |
| Dependent | Anxiety about possible separation from others and having to function independently | Overcontrol of behavior | Believes that he or she is helpless and incompetent and so must rely on others | Submissive in relationships |
| Obsessive-compulsive | Constricted in expression of emotion to others | Overcontrol of behavior | Perfectionism; rigid thinking; preoccupation with details, rules, and lists | Dominant and relatively detached in relationships |
| Source: Pretzer & Beck, 2005; Skodol, 2005. |