Initially, studies designed to test the overall superiority of one form of psychotherapy over another did not find any one type of therapy to be more effective than any other. This finding has been called the Dodo bird verdict, in reference to the Dodo bird’s proclamation in Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland: “Everybody has won, and all must have prizes.” However, the Dodo bird verdict was based on research of particular therapies available at that time, using less rigorous research methods than are generally used today (Beutler, 2000).

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