Figure 13.1 Black and White Populations in the South, 1860 Blacks represented a much larger fraction of the population in the South than in the North, but considerable variation existed from state to state. Only one Missourian in ten, for example, was black, while Mississippi and South Carolina had black majorities. States in the Upper South were “whiter” than states in the Lower South, despite the Upper South’s greater number of free blacks.