Chief Joseph Chief Joseph came to symbolize the heroic resistance of the Nez Percé. General Nelson Miles promised the Nez Percé that they could return to their homeland if they surrendered. But instead the Nez Percé were shipped off to Indian Territory (Oklahoma). In 1879, Chief Joseph traveled to Washington, D.C., to speak for his people. “Let me be a free man,” he pleaded, “free to think and talk and act for myself—and I will obey every law.”

National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution (INV 01008900).