This family had its portrait taken in 1847, in the middle of the war. Mexican civilians were vulnerable to atrocities committed by the invading army, a large part of which were volunteers who received little training and resisted discipline. The "lawless Volunteers stop at no outrage," Brigadier General William Worth declared. "Innocent blood has been basely, cowardly, and barbarously shed in cold blood." Unknown photographer. Daguerreotype, ca. 1847, 2-7/8 x 3-3/16 inches, Amon Carter Museum, Fort Worth, Texas, P1981.65.18.