Correct. The answer is A. Minneapolis’s law justified its ban on discrimination against gays and lesbians by arguing that discrimination against one group compromised the rights, safety, and welfare of everyone. It made no claims about the causes of homosexuality and did not explicitly compare gays and lesbians to other groups that were historically subjected to discriminatory practices.

Incorrect. The correct answer is A. Minneapolis’s law justified its ban on discrimination against gays and lesbians by arguing that discrimination against one group compromised the rights, safety, and welfare of everyone. It made no claims about the causes of homosexuality and did not explicitly compare gays and lesbians to other groups that were historically subjected to discriminatory practices.

Correct. The answer is C. The critical difference in these two documents is that the Episcopal bishop, Paul Moore, argues that homosexuality is something that one “cannot help,” while the Vatican suggests that it is an “objective disorder” that evokes “moral concern.” The bishop makes no statement about the morality of homosexuality or gays’ and lesbians’ fitness for childrearing, and the Vatican does not argue that it is a lifestyle choice.

Incorrect. The correct answer is C. The critical difference in these two documents is that the Episcopal bishop, Paul Moore, argues that homosexuality is something that one “cannot help,” while the Vatican suggests that it is an “objective disorder” that evokes “moral concern.” The bishop makes no statement about the morality of homosexuality or gays’ and lesbians’ fitness for childrearing, and the Vatican does not argue that it is a lifestyle choice.

Correct. The answer is B. Cochrane’s testimony represents the gay and lesbian movement’s strategy of coming out in order to demonstrate that gays and lesbians are everywhere and essentially similar to everyone else. He argues that the bill is necessary to make it possible for others to come out, and to demonstrate that discrimination against gays and lesbians is based on ignorance and stereotypes.

Incorrect. The correct answer is B. Cochrane’s testimony represents the gay and lesbian movement’s strategy of coming out in order to demonstrate that gays and lesbians are everywhere and essentially similar to everyone else. He argues that the bill is necessary to make it possible for others to come out, and to demonstrate that discrimination against gays and lesbians is based on ignorance and stereotypes.

Correct. The answer is B. Horowitz’s analysis suggests that gay rights legislation will give lesbians and gay men special rights that interfere with heterosexuals’ access to job, housing, and other economic entitlements. In addition, he suggests, it will require that heterosexuals be made uncomfortable by the requirement that they treat homosexuals like everyone else.

Incorrect. The correct answer is B. Horowitz’s analysis suggests that gay rights legislation will give lesbians and gay men special rights that interfere with heterosexuals’ access to job, housing, and other economic entitlements. In addition, he suggests, it will require that heterosexuals be made uncomfortable by the requirement that they treat homosexuals like everyone else.

Correct. The answer is A. The earliest document, the 1974 Minneapolis ordinance, reflects the legal strategies of the civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s. This law argues that discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation—like that on the basis of race, ethnicity, religion, and gender—harms the well-being of the subjected group and the welfare of the whole society.

Incorrect. The correct answer is A. The earliest document, the 1974 Minneapolis ordinance, reflects the legal strategies of the civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s. This law argues that discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation—like that on the basis of race, ethnicity, religion, and gender—harms the well-being of the subjected group and the welfare of the whole society.