Correct. The author’s main point in this section of the chapter is that, in the late 1860s, whites and blacks joined together in the South’s Republican Party to create democratic state constitutions, elect Republican representatives, and defend civil rights, but without their own land and facing racist violence, most freed slaves were forced to return to the fields as sharecroppers, cultivating cotton under oppressive conditions at low wages.
Incorrect. The author’s main point in this section of the chapter is that, in the late 1860s, whites and blacks joined together in the South’s Republican Party to create democratic state constitutions, elect Republican representatives, and defend civil rights, but without their own land and facing racist violence, most freed slaves were forced to return to the fields as sharecroppers, cultivating cotton under oppressive conditions at low wages.