CHAPTER 6 Test Your Knowledge

Driving Question 1

By answering the questions below and studying Infographics 6.1, 6.2, and 6.3, you should be able to generate an answer for the broader Driving Question above.

KNOW IT

A 5'6? female weighs 167 pounds. Use Infographic 6.2 to determine her BMI. Would she be considered underweight, normal weight, overweight, or obese?

If a person wants to lose weight, which of the following are viable strategies?
a. substituting plain water for regular soda

b. eating the same number of Calories, but eating them all as fruit and veggies instead of burgers and fries

c. adding more fruits and veggies on top of the current diet

d. exercising more

e. a and d

USE IT

If you frequently crave French fries, how could you modify your lifestyle to eat fries without gaining weight? Explain your answer.

Why do you think that longer meal times translate into fewer Calories consumed?

If the government were to issue tax incentives to reduce obesity in the United States, which of the following do you think would be most effective? Explain your choice.
a. taxing foods high in fat

b. giving tax breaks to people who join gyms or health clubs

c. giving rebates for purchasing fresh fruits and vegetables

d. paying enhanced salaries for teachers in elementary and middle schools to provide education about diet and nutrition

If the French eat meals with a higher fat content, why don’t the French weigh more on average than Americans?

Driving Question 2

By answering the questions below and studying Infographics 6.4 and 6.5 and Table 6.1, you should be able to generate an answer for the broader Driving Question above.

KNOW IT

Which type of organic molecule stores the most energy per gram?
a. proteins

b. starch

c. nucleic acid

d. fats (triglycerides)

e. glycogen

A moderately active 21-year-old female has a choice of eating a 2,500-Calorie meal that is primarily protein or a 2,500-Calorie meal that is primarily sugar. What would be the result, in terms of energy, of choosing one over the other?
a. Nothing; she would burn all these Calories, given her age, gender, and activity level.

b. She would store the excess Calories as protein, regardless which meal she ate.

c. She would store the excess Calories as protein if she ate the protein meal, and as glycogen if she ate the sugar meal.

d. In either case, once her glycogen stores are replenished, she will store the excess Calories as fat.

e. Regardless of the number of Calories, she will get more energy from the sugar meal.

If you exercise for an extended period of time, you will use energy first from________, then from _______.
a. fats; glycogen

b. proteins; fats

c. glycogen; proteins

d. fats; proteins

e. glycogen; fats

Driving Question 3

By answering the questions below and studying Infographics 6.6, 6.7, 6.8, and 6.10, you should be able to generate an answer for the broader Driving Question above.

KNOW IT

Which process is not correctly matched with its cellular location?
a. glycolysis—cytoplasm

b. citric acid cycle—mitochondria

c. glycolysis—mitochondria

d. electron transport—mitochondria

e. none of the above; they are all correctly matched

In the presence of oxygen we use ________ to fuel ATP production. What process do plants use to fuel ATP production from food?
a. aerobic respiration; photosynthesis

b. aerobic respiration; aerobic respiration

c. fermentation; aerobic respiration

d. fermentation; photosynthesis

e. glycolysis; photosynthesis

Given 1 g of each of the following, which would yield the greatest amount of ATP by aerobic respiration?
a. fat

b. protein

c. carbohydrate

d. nucleic acid

e. alcohol

During aerobic respiration, what molecule has (and carries) electrons stripped from food?
a. NAD⁺

b. NADH

c. O₂

d. H₂O

e. pyruvate

During aerobic respiration, how does NADH give up electrons to regenerate NAD⁺?
a. by giving electrons to O₂

b. by giving electrons to pyruvate

c. by giving electrons to glucose

d. by giving electrons to the electron transport chain

e. by giving electrons to another NAD⁺

USE IT

Draw a carbon atom that is part of a CO₂ molecule such as you just exhaled. Using a written description or a diagram, trace what happens to that carbon atom as it is absorbed by the leaf of a spinach plant and then what happens to the carbon atom when you eat that leaf in a salad.

If you ingest carbon in the form of sugar, how is that carbon released from your body?
a. as sugar

b. as fat

c. as CO₂

d. as protein

e. in urine

Driving Question 4

By answering the questions below and studying Infographic 6.9, you should be able to generate an answer for the broader Driving Question above.

KNOW IT

Compared to aerobic respiration, fermentation produces ________ ATP.
a. much more

b. the same amount of

c. a little less

d. much less

e. no

What process is most directly prevented in the absence of adequate oxygen?
a. citric acid cycle

b. glycolysis

c. electron transport chain

d. a, b, and c

e. glycolysis and the citric acid cycle

During fermentation, how does NADH give up electrons to regenerate NAD⁺?
a. by giving electrons to O₂

b. by giving electrons to pyruvate

c. by giving electrons to glucose

d. by giving electrons to the electron transport chain

e. by giving electrons to another NAD⁺

Where in the cell does fermentation take place?
a. cytoplasm

b. mitochondria

c. nucleus

d. cytoplasm and mitochondria

e. Fermentation doesn’t occur in cells, it occurs in circulating blood.

USE IT

Explain how the presence or absence of oxygen affects ATP production. (The terms aerobic respiration and fermentation should be in your answer.)

Consider fermentation.
a. How much ATP is generated during fermentation?

b. How does this compare to aerobic respiration?

c. In humans, why can’t fermentation sustain life? Hint: Think of two reasons—one is related to the product of fermentation and what happens if it accumulates.