Credits/Sources Introduction

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INFOGRAPHIC SOURCES AND REFERENCES

CHAPTER 1:

IG 1.7 Data Source: UN Human Development Indices, 2008 (http://is.gd/7UqClm).

CHAPTER 2:

IG 2.2 Data Source: Refrigerant Reclaim Australia. (2010). Annual Report 2009/2010.

IG 2.6 Research from: Abarca, J.F., & C.C. Casiccia. (2002). Photodermatology, Photoimmunology & Photomedicine, 18(6): 294–302 and Menzies, S. W., et al. (1991). Cancer Research, 51(11): 2773–2779.

IG 2.7 Data Source: UN Vital Ozone Graphics, 2007.

CHAPTER 3:

IG 3.3 Research from: Nagel, S. C., et al. (1997). Environmental Health Perspectives, 105(1): 70–76; Ishido, M. & J. Suzuki. (2010). Journal of Health Science, 56(2): 175–181; Lang, I. A., et al. (2008). Journal of the American Medical Asociation, 300: 1303–1310.

CHAPTER 4:

IG 4.1 Data Source: UN World Population Prospects, the 2010 Revision.

IG 4.2 Data Source: Population Reference Bureau, 2013 World Population Data Sheet.

IG 4.3 Information from: Population Action International

IG 4.4 Data Sources: Table: Population Reference Bureau, 2013 World Population Data Sheet; Graph: United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs

IG 4.6 Data from: U.S. Census Bureau

IG 4.7 Data Sources: Infant Mortality: CIA Factbook, 2011 estimates; Desired Fertility: Pritchett, L. (1994). Population and Development Review, 20: 1–55; Education: Pew Research Center. (2011). The Future of the Global Muslim-Population; Family Planning: Sedgh, G., et al. (2007). Women With an Unmet Need for Contraception in Developing Countries and Their Reasons for Not Using a Method, Guttmacher Institute.

IG 4.8 Data Source: Global Footprint Network. (2010). The Ecological Footprint Atlas 2010.

CHAPTER 5:

IG 5.3 Data Source: World Health Organization (WHO). (2006). Preventing Disease Through Healthy Environments.

IG 5.5 Information from the CDC (www.dpd.cdc.gov/dpdx/HTML/Dracunculiasis.htm) and CNN (http://www.cnn.com/2010/HEALTH/04/05/guinea.worm.lifecycle/index.html)

IG 5.6 Data Sources: Map: WHO. (2006). Preventing Disease Through Healthy Environments (page 8) and WHO. (2004). Global Health Observatory Data: Total Environment—Total Burden of Disease Top Ten Causes of Death: World Health Organization, Deaths across the globe: An overview.

IG 5.7 Information from Emory University. (2011). End game for Guinea worm disease is near. (http://www.emory.edu/EMORY_REPORT/stories/2011/03/report_from_carter_center_guinea_worm_disease.html)

CHAPTER 6:

IG 6.1 Research from: Costanza, R., et al. (1997). Nature. 387: 253–260.

IG 6.2 Data from: Global Footprint Network. (2012). Living Planet Report 2012 and Footprint Interactive Graph, http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/all_publications/living_planet_report/living_planet_report_graphics/footprint_interactive/

CHAPTER 7:

IG 7.1 Data Source: EPA

IG 7.2 Information from EPA

IG 7.4 Research from: Young, L.C., et al. (2009). PLoS ONE, 4(10): e7623.

IG 7.7 Research from: Gertler, N. (1995). Industrial Ecosystems: Developing Sustainable Industrial Structures. Dissertation. Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

CHAPTER 8:

IG 8.4 Information from: Map: The Nature Education Knowledge Project; Graph: Ricklefs, R. (2000). The Economy of Nature, W.H. Freeman, New York.

CHAPTER 9:

IG 9.6 Showshoe hare/lynx graph: Research from: Krebs, C.J. (2011). Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 278(1705): 481–489.

CHAPTER 10:

IG 10.7 Information from: Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan website (http://is.gd/l6XXjK)

CHAPTER 11:

IG 11.2 Research from: Hoekstra, H. E., J. G. Krenz, & M. W. Nachman. (2005). Heredity, 94(2): 217–228.

IG 11.4 Research from: Savidge, J.A. (1987). Ecology, 68: 660–668.

CHAPTER 12:

IG 12.1 Data Source: Chapman, A.D. (2009). Number of Living Species in Australia and the World.

IG 12.4 Information from Conservation International

CHAPTER 13:

IG 13.1 Data Source: Baillie, J.E.M, et al. (2010). Evolution Lost: Status and Trends of the World’s Vertebrates, Zoological Society of London.

IG 13.2 Information from the International Union for Conservation of Nature

IG 13.6 Data Sources: Map: UN Environmental Programme. (2012). Global Environmental Outlook–5 Report; Graph: Statistics Sweden.

CHAPTER 14:

IG 14.3 Data Sources: Pie Chart: UN World Water Assessment Programme; Map: UN Food and Agriculture Organization; Improved Sanitation graph: Population Reference Bureau; Water Use Graph: Hoekstra, A. Y. & A. K. Chapagain. (2007). Water Resources Management, 21: 35–48.

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IG 14.6 Data Sources: Pie Chart: University of Georgia Cooperative Extension; Water Use for Electricity Production: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers; Gallons of Water per Food or Product: National Geographic (http://is.gd/MCeBGJ)

CHAPTER 15:

IG 15.1 Information from EPA

IG 15.4 Data Sources: Nitrogen fertilizer use and Gulf of Mexico hypoxia graph: The Fertilizer Institute and the EPA: Nitrogen Losses Graph: Oquist, K. A., et al. (2007). Journal of Environmental Quality, 36(4): 1194–1204.

IG 15.5 Information from U.S. Department of Agriculture.

IG 15.7 Information from EPA. (2011). Gulf of Mexico Regional Ecosystem Restoration Strategy.

CHAPTER 16:

IG 16.1 Data Sources: Map: UN Food and Agriculture Organization (http://www.fao.org/hunger/en); Bar Graph from UN Food and Agriculture Organization. (2010). State of Food Insecurity in the World.

IG 16.4 Data Source: Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Oklahoma State University, http://www.nue.okstate.edu/Crop_Information/World_Wheat_Production.htm

CHAPTER 17:

IG 17.4 Information from: Furuno, Takao. (2001). The Power of the Duck. Tasmania: Takari Publications.

IG 17.7 Information from Environmental Working Group (www.ewg.org)

CHAPTER 18:

IG 18.1 Data Source for Pie Chart: U.S. Energy Information Administration,

IG 18.3 Information from Britannica Encyclopedia (http://is.gd/MUgevK)

IG 18.5 Information from Kentucky Geological Survey (http://is.gd/nyyEbh)

IG 18.7 Information from World Coal Association

CHAPTER 19:

IG 19.3 Data Source: U.S. Energy Information Association (www.eia.gov/countries/)

IG 19.3 Information from The Coming Oil Crisis: Colin Campbell’s research (http://www.oilcrisis.com/campbell)

IG 19.7 Information from FracFocus Chemical Disclosure Registry (www.fracfocus.ca)

IG 19.8 Information from USGS (www.eia.gov/oil_gas/rpd/northamer_gas.pdf), Alberta Geological Survey (www.ags.gov.ab.ca/energy/oilsands), and PacWest Consulting Partners (http://pacwestcp.com/)

CHAPTER 20:

IG 20.1 Data Source: the World Health Organization

IG 20.2 Data Source: EPA

IG 20.3 Research from Laden, Francine, et al. (2006). American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 173: 667–672.

IG 20.4 Information from National Atmospheric Deposition Program

IG 20.5 Information from EPA

IG 20.6 Information from: Smokestack Scrubber Diagram: Encyclopedia Britannica; Cap-and-Trade Diagram: Washington Post

CHAPTER 21:

IG 21.1 Information from Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). (2007). 4th Assessment Report, Working Group 1 Report: The Physical Science Basis

IG 21.2 Data Sources: Surface Temperature, Temperature Anomalies, and Precipitation Changes graphs: IPCC (2013), 5th Assessment Report, Working Group I Report: The Physical Science Basis; Cumulative Loss of Glacier Ice Graph: UN Environmental Programme; sea level change over time source: National Climatic Data Center/NOAA; Tropical cyclones: Chylek, P., & G. Lesins. (2008). Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 113(D22) doi:10.1029/2008JD010036.

IG 21.3 Data Source: Bar graph: IPCC. (2013). 5th Assessment Report, Working Group 1 Report: The Physical Science Basis

IG 21.5 Data Source: IPCC. (2013). 5th Assessment Report, Working Group 1 Report: The Physical Science Basis

IG 21.7 Data Sources: Upper Graphs: NASA; Lower graph: United States Global Change Research Program

IG 21.8 Data Source: IPCC. (2013). 5th Assessment Report, Working Group 1 Report: The Physical Science Basis.

IG 21.10 Information from: Future Scenarios Graph: IPCC. (2013). 5th Assessment Report, Working Group I Report: The Physical Science Basis; Stabilization Wedges Diagram: Pacala, S. & R. Socolow. (2004). Science, 305: 968–972.

IG 21.11 Information from IPCC. (2013). 5th Assessment Report, Working Group II Report: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability

CHAPTER 22:

IG 22.1 Information from www.nuclearconnect.org

IG 22.2 Decay Chain Diagram: Information from U.S. Department of Energy

IG 22.3 Mining Flowchart: Information from World Information Service on Energy Uranium Project; Fuel assembly: Information from www.climateandfuel.com

IG 22.4 Information from www.atomicarchive.com

IG 22.5 Information from the Nuclear Regulatory Commission and the Union of Concerned Scientists

IG 22.6 Information from U.S. Office of Environmental Management (http://gtcceis.anl.gov/guide/rad/index.cfm)

CHAPTER 23:

IG 23.1 Data Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration

IG 23.2 Information from U.S. Department of the Interior, Wind Energy Development Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement

IG 23.3 Information from the U.S. Department of Energy and Wave Green Energy (www.wavege.com/solar-panel-diagram.html)

IG 23.4 Information from U.S. Department of Energy and Tennessee Valley Authority

IG 23.5 Information from Tennessee Valley Authority

IG 22.6 Information from U.S. Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (www.energy.gov) and eartheasy.com

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CHAPTER 24:

IG 24.7 Information from UN Environmental Programme. (2005). Vital Climate Change Graphics Update at http://www.grida.no/graphicslib/detail/kyoto-protocol-timeline-and-history_76cf#

IG 24.8 Data Source: International Energy Agency. (2011). CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion: Highlights.

IG 24.9 Data Source: UN Environmental Programme Risoe Centre, CDM/JI Pipeline, accessed August 2014 from http://cdmpipeline.org/cdm-projects-type.htm

CHAPTER 25:

IG 25.1 Data Sources: Map: UN Population Division; CIA World Factbook; Urban vs. Rural Graph: United Nations, Population Division; Megacities Bar Graph: United Nations, World Urbanization Prospects: The 2014 Revision, Highlights

IG 25.2 Information from National Geographic

IG 25.3 Information from Stats Canada

IG 25.5 Information from European Green City Index (www.siemens.com/entry/cc/en/greencityindex.htm)

IG 25.6 Information from the U.S. EPA

SCIENCE LITERACY: WORKING WITH DATA

CHAPTER 1: Data Source: Brown, L.R. World on the edge—food and agriculture data—livestock and fish. pp. 7, 15. Earth Policy Institute. www.earthpolicy.org/datacenter/pdf/book_wote_livestock.pdf.

CHAPTER 2: Data Source: http://undsci.berkeley.edu/article/ozone_depletion_01. Figure 28 – A Plot of Chlorine Monoxide and Ozone Concentrations from Ozone Depletion: Uncovering the hidden hazard of hairspray. Originally from: Anderson, J.G., et al. (1989). Ozone destruction by chlorine radicals within the Antarctic vortex: The spatial and temporal evolution of CIO-O3 anticorrelation based on in situ ER–2 data. Journal of Geophysical Research 94: 11465–11479.

CHAPTER 3: Data Source: Schreder, E. (2006). Pollution in People.: A Study of Toxic Chemicals in Washingtonians. Toxic-Free Legacy Coalition, Seattle, WA. (http://pollutioninpeople.org). Mercury Levels Graph: Figure 3; DDT Levels Graph: Figure 7.

CHAPTER 4: Data Source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. (2011). World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision. New York. (Updated: 15 April 2011). http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/Analytical-Figures/htm/fig_1.htm (Graph A); (Updated: 5 July 2011). http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/Analytical-Figures/htm/fig_13.htm (Graph B).

CHAPTER 5: Data Source: Fan V. (2012). Malaria Estimate Sausages by WHO and IHME. Center for Global development. http://blogs.cgdev.org/globalhealth/2012/02/malaria-estimate-sausages-by-who-and-ihme.php

CHAPTER 6: Data Source: Brown, L.R. (2011). Learning from China: Why the existing economic model will fail. Earth Policy Institute. http://www.earthpolicy.org/data_highlights/2011/highlights18

CHAPTER 7: Data Source: Greenpeace. (2006). Plastic Debris in the World’s Oceans. Table 2.1 Number and Percentage of Marine Species Worldwide with Documented Entanglement and Ingestion Records. Greenpeace. http://www.unep.org/regionalseas/marinelitter/publications/docs/plastic_ocean_report.pdf

CHAPTER 8: Data Source: http://www.globalchange.umich.edu/globalchange1/current/lectures/kling/rainforest/rainforest_table.html. Originally from: Terborgh, J. (1992). Diversity and the tropical rain forest. Scientific American Library, W. H. Freeman, New York, xii + 242 pages.

CHAPTER 9: Data Source: Kaibab Plateau Deer Population: 1907–1940, http://www.hhh.umn.edu/centers/stpp/pdf/KaibabPlateauExercise.pdf (Redrawn from Leopold, A.)

CHAPTER 10: Data Source: Rogers, J.D. (2008). Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, http://web.mst.edu/~rogersda/levees/History%20New%20Orleans%20Flood%20Control-Rogers.pdf. Page 6, Fig. 7 (adapted from Kolb and Saucier 1982).

CHAPTER 11: Data Sources: Human Population Growth and Extinction. Center for Biological Diversity. http://www.biologicaldiversity.org/programs/population_and_sustainability/extinction/. Originally from: Scott, J.M. (2008). Threats to Biological Diversity: Global, Continental, Local. U.S. Geological Survey, Idaho Cooperative Fish and Wildlife, Research Unit, University Of Idaho.

CHAPTER 12: Data Source: Gibson, L., et al. (2013). Near-complete extinction of native small mammal fauna 25 years after forest fragmentation. Science, 341(6153): 1508–1510.

CHAPTER 13: Data Source: IUCN; Figure 3 from Summary Statistics, www.iucnredlist.org/about/summary-statistics. Accessed September 4, 2012.

CHAPTER 14: Data Source: Public Health Information and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). (2011). DALYs attributable to water, sanitation and hygiene (diarrhea), 2004. World Health Organization. http://gamapserver.who.int/mapLibrary/Files/Maps/Global_wsh_daly_2004.png

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CHAPTER 15: Data Source: Collins, S.J. & R.W. Russell. (2009). Toxicity of road salt to Nova Scotia amphibians. Environmental Pollution, 157(1): 320–324.

CHAPTER 16: Data Source: UN Food and Agriculture Organization. (2010). The State of Food Insecurity in the World, 2010, figures 1 and 2 on page 9. http://www.fao.org/docrep/013/i1683e/i1683e.pdf

CHAPTER 17: Data Source: Rodale Institute. (2011). The Farming Systems Trial. Figure Comparison of FST Organic and Conventional Systems. http://rodaleinstitute.org/assets/FSTbooklet.pdf

CHAPTER 18: Data Source: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007 World Report. http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/programs/mining/risks.html

CHAPTER 19: Data Source: Jackson, R. B., et al. (2013). Increased stray gas abundance in a subset of drinking water wells near Marcellus shale gas extraction. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110(28): 11250–11255.

CHAPTER 20: Data Source: Environment Canada, National Air Pollution Surveillance (NAPS) Network, Ottawa, 2004.

CHAPTER 21: Data Source: Woodall, C. W., et al. (2009). An indicator of tree migration in forests of the eastern United States. Forest Ecology and Management, 257(5): 1434–1444.

CHAPTER 22: Data Source: Clean Energy Insight. http://www.cleanenergyinsight.org wp-content/uploads/2009/08/comparingindustrysafety_graph.jpg. Original source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2007.

CHAPTER 23: Data Source: Graphs 1 and 2: Arnett, E., et al. (2005). Relationships between bats and wind turbines in Pennsylvania and West Virginia: An assessment of fatality search protocols, patterns of fatality, and behavioral interactions with wind turbines. Report prepared for Bats and Wind Energy Cooperative.

Graph 3: Sibley, D. (2010). Causes of bird mortality, Sibley Guides: Identification of North American Birds and Trees (http://www.sibleyguides.com/conservation/causes-of-bird-mortality/);

Table 1: Erickson, W., et al. (2001). Avian collisions with wind turbines: A summary of existing studies and comparisons to other sources of avian collision mortality in the United States. West Inc., prepared for the National Wind Coordinating Committee. http://www.duke.edu/web/nicholas/bio217/ptb4/batdata.html

CHAPTER 24: Data Source: Energy Information Agency, What are Greenhouse Gases?, Figure 1. (www.eia.gov/oiaf/1605/ggccebro/chapter1.html)

CHAPTER 25: Data Sources: New Buildings Institute. (2008). Energy Performance of LEED® for New Construction Buildings: Final Report. (http://newbuildings.org/sites/default/files/Energy_Performance_of_LEED-NC_Buildings-Final_3-4-08b.pdf) and the EPA (http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?fuseaction=buildingcontest.eui)