landscape conservation, 246

land trusts, 254t

Larsen B Ice Shelf, 407

“late, few, long” mandate, 68

Law, Kara, 123, 130

law of conservation of matter, 121

laws

environmental, 13–14

species protection, 249–252, 249t

zoning, 500

LD₅₀, 54, 55

leachate, 124, 125f

lead, 390t

e-waste and, 129

Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certification, 504, 509

LED. See light-emitting diode

LEED certification. See Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design certification

LEED-certified facilities, 115

length, measurements and units of measure, A–3

less developed countries

fertility rates in, 76

human health and, 90–91

more developed countries compared with, 91

population in, 68–69, 69f

solid waste disposal, 127

life

organization of, 142f

range of tolerance for, 148f

life cycle, of products, 109

life-cycle analysis (waste), 130–132

life expectancy, 64, 65

life-history strategies, 166, 168f

light-emitting diode (LED), 465, 466f

limiting factors, 147, 166

linear (one-way) system, 108f

line graphs

interpolation and extrapolation, A–6

interpreting data, A–6

producing, A–4–A–5

lithosphere, A–12, A–13

Little Emperors, 64, 77

Little Ice Age, 8

livestock, 319–320, 320f

CAFOs and, 320, 323

rotation method grazing of, 326f

Living Planet Report, 102

LLRW. See low-level radioactive waste

logging, 420–421

logical fallacies, 55–57

logistic growth, 165

exponential growth and, 166f

I-13

Los Angeles, California, 382f

air quality in, 382

smog in, 383

Lovelock, James, 28

low-level radioactive waste (LLRW), 440, 441

Loxodonta africana africana. See savanna elephant

Loxodonta africana cyclotis. See forest elephant

lungs, air pollution and, 387, 389–392

Lyme disease, 84, 222–223