Wara, Michael, 472, 483, 486

Washington Toxics Coalition, 61

Wasser, Sam, 246–247

waste. See also solid waste

advertising and, 132–133

agricultural, 122

chemical, 127

consumers and, 132–135

in ecosystems, 121–122

energy generation and, 130

four Rs, 134f

handling of, 124–126

incineration of, 127f

industrial, 122, 132

life-cycle analysis of, 130–132

managing, 130

manufacturing, 108

matter and, 122

mining, 122

in nature, 130

nuclear, 439–440

per capita generation of, 123f

reducing, 130–132

types of, 122

wastewater

fracking and toxic, 372–373

freshwater contaminated by, 266–268

injection wells, 373–374

in oceans, 266

purified, 260

wastewater treatment, 267–268, 269f

wetlands and, 268, 270f

wasting disease, 302f

water

access to, 263f, 277

conservation, 272–275, 272t

distribution of, 261f

harnessing power of, 460–461, 462f

for nuclear power plants, 435–436

recycling, 272

scarcity of, 262–263, 263f

shortages, 268–271

sources, 264–266

usage, 263f, 272, 272t, 275

waterborne diseases, 82–84

water cycle, 262f

definition, 260

in Everglades, 183

water footprint, 272

of fracking, 372–373

reducing, 273f

water level, 197f

in Florida Everglades, 194f

water pollution, 278–297

causes of, 283f

definition, 281

EPA and, 290

nutrient, 286

pathogen, 290

water resources, 102, 260–263

freshwater, 258–277

Water Resources Development Act, 191

watershed management, 290

hypoxic zones and, 288–294

watersheds, 284–285, 285f

Gulf of Mexico, 282f

hypoxic zones and managing, 288–294

Mississippi River, 284

water-soluble chemicals, 48

water table, 264

WCS. See Wildlife Conservation Society

wealth inequality, 15. See also poverty

weather

climate compared with, 404–405, 416

definition, 405

extremes in, 409, 421

Weiqing, Zhang, 77

West Nile virus, 88

West Virginia

mountaintop removal in, 340–341, 341f

Spruce No. 1 coal mine, 340f

wetlands, 180–181

wastewater treatment and, 268, 270f

WHO. See World Health Organization

wicked problems, 6, 7, 422

wildfires, 197, 421. See also forest fires

risk of, 424

Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), 253f

wildlife corridors, 232f

wildlife disruption, oil and, 370

Wilkins Ice Shelf, 407

wind energy, 109f, 453

drawbacks of, 454, 456

U.S., 454

wind farms, 454, 469

CDM, 477f

wind turbines, 450f, 455f

offshore, 453f, 456

Samsø Island, 450f, 452, 453f

wolves (Canis lupus), 158–173, 173f

artificial selection and, 212f

hunting of, 172

importance of, 169–172

near-extinction of, 160

I-21

Predator Control Programs and, 162

radio collars on, 160, 161f

reintroduction of, 162, 170, 175

tracking, 158f, 160

in Yellowstone National Park, 162, 169

Woodall, Chris, 417–418, 420, 427

woodlands, 197

wood storks, 176–195, 176f

alligators and, 187–188

as endangered species, 178

food chain and, 183

World Health Organization (WHO), 82

Global Burden of Disease, 277

worldviews

anthropocentric, 16

conflicting, 15–16

ecocentric, 16, 17f

environmental ethics and, 16

U.S. environmental history and, 18

World Wildlife Federation, 102

World Wildlife Fund (WWF), 237, 257

worms, 88f

WWF. See World Wildlife Fund