Which of the following is true of all toxic substances?

The test data for a new pesticide provided mixed results about its effects on mice. The pesticide seemed harmless on its own, but when the new pesticide was combined with another pesticide some mice got sick. However, this new pesticide was very effective against an invasive insect ravaging local trees. In deciding to approve the pesticide for sale, the chemists were applying:

Pesticides increase agricultural yields but some people oppose their use because of their inherent toxicity. An argument against pesticide use that attacks the pesticide maker on the grounds that he or she is simply profit driven is:

All of the following are secondary sources of information except:

Pesticides such as DDT are known to biomagnify in food chains. This means that:

The toxicity of a chemical is evaluated using animal models by creating a(n) _____; a high LD50 indicates _____.

What potential dangers do toxic substances present and what characteristics of a toxic substance make it more or less harmful?

What are the differences between in vitro and in vivo studies? How are these types of studies useful in toxicology?

Why is the debate over the safety of synthetic chemicals contentious?

What is the precautionary principle? In what way does the story of BPA reflect the precautionary principle?

What factors influence the toxicity of a given chemical? How do regulators setting “safe exposure” standards deal with the uncertainty associated with these factors?