24.26 Standards for child care. Do unregulated providers of child care in their homes follow different health and safety practices in different cities? A study looked at people who regularly provided care for someone else’s children in poor areas of three cities. The numbers who required medical releases from parents to allow medical care in an emergency were 42 of 73 providers in Newark, New Jersey, 29 of 101 in Camden, New Jersey, and 48 of 107 in South Chicago, Illinois.

  1. (a) Use the chi-square test to see if there are significant differences among the proportions of child care providers who require medical releases in the three cities. What do you conclude?

  2. (b) How should the data be produced in order for your test to be valid? (In fact, the samples came in part from asking parents who were subjects in another study who provided their child care. The author of the study wisely did not use a statistical test. He wrote: “Application of conventional statistical procedures appropriate for random samples may produce biased and misleading results.’’)