Page 547 We looked at the list of top funds at the Smart Money website, www.smartmoney.com, in November 2011. Here’s part of the abstract of a typical study (Mark Carhart, “On persistence in mutual fund performance,” Journal of Finance, 52 [1997], pp. 57–82): “Using a sample free of survivor bias, I demonstrate that common factors in stock returns and investment expenses almost completely explain persistence in equity mutual funds’ mean and risk-adjusted returns. . . . The only significant persistence not explained is concentrated in strong underperformance by the worst-return mutual funds. The results do not support the existence of skilled or informed mutual fund portfolio managers.”

Page 551 Example 2: Marilyn Elias, “Study: antidepressant barely better than placebo,” USA Today, July 7, 2002.

Page 555 Robert Rosenthal is quoted in B. Azar, “APA statistics task force prepares to release recommendations for public comment,” APA Monitor Online, 30 (May 1999), available online at www.apa.org/monitor. The task force report by, Leland Wilkinson et al., “Statistical methods in psychology journals: guidelines and explanations,” American Psychologist, 54 (August 1999), offers a summary of the elements of good statistical practice.

Page 565 Exercise 23.10: The Gallup poll results can be found online at www.gallup.com/poll/106915/Gallup-Daily-US-Mood.aspx.

Page 565 Exercise 23.11: The Gallup poll results can be found online at www.gallup.com/poll/186260/back-legal-marijuana.aspx.

Page 565 Exercise 23.12: Ross M. Stolzenberg, “Educational continuation by college graduates,” American Journal of Sociology, 99 (1994), pp. 1042–1077.

Page 567 Exercise 23.25: The Gallup poll results can be found online at www.gallup.com/poll/186287/consumers-holiday-spending-intentions-best-2007.aspx.