19.1. In a standard deck of cards, 13 of the cards are spades, 13 are hearts, 13 are diamonds, and 13 are clubs. We need two digits to simulate one draw:
00, 01, . . . , 12 = spades
13, 14, . . . , 25 = hearts
26, 27, . . . , 38 = diamonds
39, 40, . . . , 51 = clubs
Ignore two-
19.2. Step 1. The first card selected can be either a spade, heart, diamond, or club. For each possibility for the first card, the second card can be either a spade, heart, diamond, or club, but the number of spades, hearts, diamonds, or clubs left depends on the suit of the first card selected (there are only 12 of that suit and 13 of the other suits).
Step 2. The assignment of probabilities to the first card selected: 00 to 12 = spade, 13 to 25 = heart, 26 to 38 = diamond, 39 to 51 = club. Skip any other digits. The assignment of the second card selected: If the first card selected is a spade, then use 00 to 11 = spade, 12 to 24 = heart, 25 to 37 = diamond, 38 to 50 = club. Skip any other digits. If the first card selected is a heart, then use 00 to 12 = spade, 13 to 24 = heart, 25 to 37 = diamond, 38 to 50 = club. Skip any other digits. If the first card selected is a diamond, then use 00 to 12 = spade, 13 to 25 = heart, 26 to 37 = diamond, 38 to 50 = club. Skip any other digits. If the first card selected is a club, then use 00 to 12 = spade, 13 to 25 = heart, 26 to 38 = diamond, 39 to 50 = club. Skip any other digits.
Step 3. The 10 repetitions starting at line 101 in Table A gave
Line 101: heart, heart
Line 102: club, club
Line 103: club, club
Line 104: heart, spade
Line 105: diamond, club
Line 106: club, club
Line 107: heart, spade
Line 108: spade, heart
Line 109: diamond, spade
Line 110: diamond, club
We got the same suit three out of ten times, so we estimate the probability to be 3/10.