Early mental health workers used water dowsing, or “hydrotherapy,” for psychological disorders. Here a patient at the Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane gets a cold “douche bath” (Haskell, 1869). Such treatments were given in the forlorn hope that something might work, but often they were simply torture.
COURTESY UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN’S MAKING OF AMERICA/HTTP://MOA.UMDL.UMICH.EDU
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