Key Concept Quiz

Question 11.1

The sequence of prenatal development is

  1. fetus, embryo, zygote.
  2. zygote, embryo, fetus.
  3. embryo, zygote, fetus.
  4. zygote, fetus, embryo.

b

Question 11.2

Learning begins

  1. in the womb.
  2. at birth.
  3. in the newborn stage.
  4. in infancy.

a

Question 11.3

The proximodistal rule states that

  1. motor skills emerge in sequence from the center to the periphery.
  2. motor skills emerge in sequence from the top to the bottom.
  3. motor skills such as rooting are hardwired by nature.
  4. simple motor skills disappear as more sophisticated motor skills emerge.

a

Question 11.4

Motor skills, such as reaching, are

  1. acquired in an orderly sequence and on a strict timetable.
  2. acquired on a strict timetable, but not in an orderly sequence.
  3. influenced by the infant’s incentive.
  4. acquired by the same method by all infants.

c

Question 11.5

Piaget believed that infants construct ___________, which are theories about the way the world works.

  1. assimilations
  2. accommodations
  3. schemas
  4. habituations

c

Question 11.6

Once children understand that human behavior is guided by mental representations, they are said to have acquired

  1. joint attention.
  2. a theory of mind.
  3. formal operational ability.
  4. egocentrism.

b

Question 11.7

When infants in a new situation examine their mother’s face for cues about what to do, they are demonstrating an ability known as

  1. joint attention.
  2. social referencing.
  3. imitation.
  4. all of the above.

b

Question 11.8

The capacity for attachment may be innate, but the quality of attachment is influenced by

  1. the child’s temperament.
  2. the primary caregiver’s ability to read their child’s emotional state.
  3. the interaction between the child and the primary caregiver.
  4. all of the above.

d

Question 11.9

A child’s attachment style is

  1. assessed by a behavioral test known as the Strange Situation.
  2. most commonly a secure attachment style, except across cultures.
  3. generally different in the home than it appears in the laboratory.
  4. unchangeable over time.

a

Question 11.10

According to Kohlberg, each stage in the development of moral reasoning is characterized by a specific focus. What is the correct sequence of these stages?

  1. focus on consequences, focus on ethical principles, focus on social rules
  2. focus on ethical principles, focus on social rules, focus on consequences
  3. focus on consequences, focus on social rules, focus on ethical principles
  4. focus on social rules, focus on consequences, focus on ethical principles

c

Question 11.11

Evidence indicates that American adolescents are

  1. moodier than children.
  2. victims of raging hormones.
  3. likely to develop drinking problems.
  4. living in a protracted gap between childhood and adulthood.

d

Question 11.12

Scientific evidence suggests that ___________ play(s) a key role in determining a person’s sexual orientation.

  1. personal choices
  2. parenting styles
  3. sibling relationships
  4. biology

d

Question 11.13

Adolescents place the greatest emphasis on relationships with

  1. peers.
  2. parents.
  3. siblings.
  4. nonparental authority figures.

a

Question 11.14

The peak years for health, stamina, vigor, and prowess are

  1. childhood.
  2. the early teens.
  3. the early 20s.
  4. the early 30s.

c

Question 11.15

Data suggest that, for most people, the last decades of life are

  1. characterized by an increase in negative emotions.
  2. spent attending to the most useful information.
  3. extremely satisfying.
  4. a time during which they begin to interact with a much wider circle of people.

c

469