Question 14.1

What kinds of stressors are you likely to be exposed to if you live in a dense urban area with considerable traffic, noise, and pollution?

1. cultural stressors
2. intermittent stressors
3. chronic stressors
4. positive stressors

c

Question 14.2

In an experiment, two groups are subject to distractions while attempting to complete a task. Group A is told they can quiet the distractions by pushing a button. This information is withheld from Group B. Why will Group A’s performance at the task likely be better than Group B’s?

1. Group B is working in a different environment.
2. Group A has perceived control over a source of performance-impeding stress.
3. Group B is less distracted than Group A.
4. The distractions affecting Group B are now chronic.

b

Question 14.3

The brain activation that occurs in response to a threat begins in the

1. pituitary gland.
2. hypothalamus.
3. adrenal gland.
4. corpus callosum.

b

Question 14.4

According to the general adaptation syndrome, during the _____ phase, the body adapts to its high state of arousal as it tries to cope with a stressor.

1. exhaustion
2. alarm
3. resistance
4. energy

c

Question 14.5

Which of the following statements is most accurate regarding the physiological response to stress?

1. Type A behavior patterns have psychological but not physiological ramifications.
2. The link between work-related stress and coronary heart disease is unfounded.
3. Stressors can cause hormones to flood the brain, strengthening the immune system.
4. The immune system is remarkably responsive to psychological influences.

d

Question 14.6

Meditation is an altered state of consciousness that occurs

1. with the aid of drugs.
2. through hypnosis.
3. naturally or through special practices.
4. as a result of dreamlike brain activity.

c

581

Question 14.7

Engaging in aerobic exercise is a way of managing stress by managing the

1. environment
2. body.
3. situation.
4. intake of air.

b

Question 14.8

Finding a new or creative way to think about a stressor that reduces its threat is called

1. stress inoculation.
2. repressive coping.
3. reframing.
4. rational coping.

c

Question 14.9

The positive health outcomes associated with religiosity and spirituality are believed to be the result of all of the following except

1. enhanced social support.
2. engagement in healthier behavior.
3. endorsement of hope and optimism.
4. intercessory prayer.

d

Question 14.10

Faking an illness is a violation of

1. malingering.
2. somatoform disorder.
3. the sick role.
4. the Type B pattern of behavior.

c

Question 14.11

Which of the following describes a successful health care provider?

1. displays empathy
2. pays attention to both the physical and psychological state of the patient
3. uses psychology to promote patient compliance
4. all of the above

d

Question 14.12

When sick, optimists are more likely than pessimists to

1. maintain positive emotions.
2. become depressed.
3. ignore their caregiver’s advice.
4. avoid contact with others.

a

Question 14.13

Which of the following is NOT a trait associated with hardiness?

1. a sense of commitment
2. an aversion to criticism
3. a belief in control
4. a willingness to accept challenge

b

Question 14.14

Stress _____ the self-regulation of behaviors such as eating and smoking.

1. strengthens
2. has no effect on
3. disrupts
4. normalizes

c