Which of the following is NOT a basic property of consciousness?
intentionality
disunity
selectivity
transience
b
Question
2
Currently, unconscious processes are understood as
a concentrated pattern of thought suppression.
a hidden system of memories, instincts, and desires.
a blank slate.
unexperienced mental processes that give rise to thoughts and behavior.
d
Question
3
The ____________ unconscious is at work when subliminal and unconscious processes influence thought and behavior.
minimal
repressive
dynamic
cognitive
d
Question
4
The cycle of sleep and waking is one of the major patterns of human life called
the circadian rhythm.
the sleep stages.
the altered state of consciousness.
subliminal perception.
a
Question
5
Sleep needs ____________ over the life span.
decrease
increase
fluctuate
remain the same
a
Question
6
During dreaming, the dreamer ____________ changes in emotion, thought, and sensation.
is skeptical of
is completely unconscious of
uncritically accepts
views objectively
c
Question
7
Which explanation of dreams proposes that they are produced when the mind attempts to make sense of random neural activity that occurs in the brain during sleep?
Freud’s psychoanalytic theory
the activation–synthesis model
the cognitive unconscious model
the manifest content framework
b
Question
8
fMRI studies of the dreaming brain reveal all of the following EXCEPT
increased sensitivity to emotions.
activations associated with visual activity.
increased capacity for planning.
prevention of movement.
c
Question
9
Psychoactive drugs influence consciousness by altering the effects of
agonists.
neurotransmitters.
amphetamines.
spinal neurons.
b
Question
10
Tolerance for drugs involves
larger doses being required over time to achieve the same effect.
openness to new experiences.
the initial attraction of drug use.
the lessening of the painful symptoms that accompany withdrawal.
a
Question
11
Drugs that heighten arousal and activity levels by affecting the central nervous system are
depressants.
stimulants.
narcotics.
hallucinogens.
b
Question
12
Alcohol expectancy refers to
alcohol’s initial effects of euphoria and reduced anxiety.
the widespread acceptance of alcohol as a socially approved substance.
alcohol leading people to respond in simple ways to complex situations.
people’s beliefs about how alcohol will influence them in particular situations.
d
Question
13
Hypnosis has been proven to have
an effect on physical strength.
a positive effect on memory retrieval.
an analgesic effect.
an age-regression effect.
c
Question
14
Which of the following four individuals is LEAST likely to be a good candidate for hypnosis?