In classical conditioning, a conditioned stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus to produce
a neutral stimulus.
a conditioned response.
an unconditioned response.
another conditioned stimulus.
b
Question
2
What occurs when a conditioned stimulus is no longer paired with an unconditioned stimulus?
generalization
spontaneous recovery
extinction
acquisition
c
Question
3
What did Watson and Rayner seek to demonstrate about behaviorism through the Little Albert experiment?
Conditioning involves a degree of cognition.
Classical conditioning has an evolutionary component.
Behaviorism alone cannot explain human behavior.
Even sophisticated behaviors such as emotion are subject to classical conditioning.
d
Question
4
Which part of the brain is involved in the classical conditioning of fear?
the amygdala
the cerebellum
the hippocampus
the hypothalamus
a
Question
5
After having a bad experience with a particular type of food, people can develop a lifelong aversion to the food. This suggests that conditioning has a(n) ____ aspect.
cognitive
evolutionary
neural
behavioral
b
Question
6
Which of the following is NOT an accurate statement concerning operant conditioning?
Actions and outcomes are critical to operant conditioning.
Operant conditioning involves the reinforcement of behavior.
Complex behaviors cannot be accounted for by operant conditioning.
Operant conditioning has associative mechanisms with roots in evolutionary behavior.
c
Question
7
Which of the following mechanisms have no role in Skinner’s approach to behavior?
cognitive
neural
evolutionary
all of the above
d
Question
8
Latent learning provides evidence for a cognitive element in operant conditioning because
it occurs without any obvious reinforcement.
it requires both positive and negative reinforcement.
it points toward the operation of a neural reward center.
it depends on a stimulus-response relationship.
a
Question
9
Activity of neurons in the _____ contributes to the process of reinforcement.
hippocampus
pituitary gland
medial forebrain bundle
parietal lobe
c
Question
10
Which of the following mechanisms does NOT help form the basis of observational learning?
attention
perception
punishment
memory
c
Question
11
Neural research indicates that observational learning is closely tied to brain areas that are involved in
memory.
vision.
action.
emotion.
c
Question
12
What kind of learning takes place largely independent of awareness of both the process and the products of information acquisition?
latent learning
implicit learning
observational learning
conscious learning
b
Question
13
The process in which repeated or prolonged exposure to a stimulus results in a gradual reduction in responding is called
habituation.
explicit learning.
serial reaction time.
delay conditioning.
a
Question
14
Which of the following statements about implicit learning is inaccurate?
Some forms of learning start out explicitly but become more implicit over time.
Implicit learning occurs even in the simplest organisms.
People with high scores on intelligence tests are more adept at implicit learning tasks.
Children learn language and social conduct largely through implicit learning.
c
Question
15
Responding to implicit instructions results in decreased brain activation in which part of the brain?
the hippocampus
the parietal cortex
the prefrontal cortex
the occipital region
d
Question
16
Which study strategy has been shown to be the most effective?