Which of the following is NOT a basic property of consciousness?
intentionality
disunity
selectivity
transience
b
Currently, unconscious processes are understood as
a concentrated pattern of thought suppression.
a hidden system of memories, instincts, and desires.
a blank slate.
unexperienced mental processes that give rise to thoughts and behaviour.
d
The _____unconscious is at work when subliminal and unconscious processes influence thought and behaviour.
minimal
repressive
dynamic
cognitive
d
The cycle of sleep and waking is one of the major patterns of human life called
the circadian rhythm.
the sleep stages.
the altered state of consciousness.
subliminal perception.
a
Sleep needs_____over the life span.
decrease
increase
fluctuate
remain the same
a
During dreaming, the dreamer_____changes in emotion, thought, and sensation.
is skeptical of
is completely unconscious of
uncritically accepts
views objectively
c
Which explanation of dreams proposes that they are produced when the mind attempts to make sense of random neural activity that occurs in the brain during sleep?
Freud’s psychoanalytic theory
the activation–
the cognitive unconscious model
the manifest content framework
b
fMRI studies of the dreaming brain reveal all of the following EXCEPT
increased sensitivity to emotions.
activations associated with visual activity.
increased capacity for planning.
prevention of movement.
c
Psychoactive drugs influence consciousness by altering the effects of
agonists.
neurotransmitters.
amphetamines.
spinal neurons.
b
Tolerance for drugs involves
larger doses being required over time to achieve the same effect.
openness to new experiences.
the initial attraction of drug use.
the lessening of the painful symptoms that accompany withdrawal.
a
Drugs that heighten arousal and activity levels by affecting the central nervous system are
depressants.
stimulants.
narcotics.
hallucinogens.
b
Alcohol expectancy refers to
alcohol’s initial effects of euphoria and reduced anxiety.
the widespread acceptance of alcohol as a socially approved substance.
alcohol leading people to respond in simple ways to complex situations.
people’s beliefs about how alcohol will influence them in particular situations.
d
Hypnosis has been proven to have
an effect on physical strength.
a positive effect on memory retrieval.
an analgesic effect.
an age-
c
Which of the following four individuals is LEAST likely to be a good candidate for hypnosis?
Jake, who spends lots of time watching movies
Ava, who is convinced she is easily hypnotizable
Evan, who has an active, vivid imagination
Isabel, who loves to play sports
d
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