13.6 KEY CONCEPT QUIZ

Question 13.1

___________ describes the use of force to acquire scarce resources.

  1. Aggression

  2. Frustration

  3. Goal setting

  4. Sociality

a

Question 13.2

Someone who hacks into your computer, steals your personal information, and uses it to purchase goods and services in your name is acting on the principle of

  1. aggression.

  2. social cognition.

  3. negative affect.

  4. frustration–aggression.

d

Question 13.3

Why are acts of aggression—from violent crime to athletic brawls—more likely to occur on hot days when people are feeling irritated and uncomfortable?

  1. frustration

  2. negative affect

  3. resource scarcity

  4. biology and culture interaction

b

Question 13.4

What is the single best predictor of aggression?

  1. temperament

  2. age

  3. gender

  4. status

c

Question 13.5

The prisoner’s dilemma game illustrates

  1. the hypothesis-confirming bias.

  2. the diffusion of responsibility.

  3. group polarization.

  4. the benefits and costs of cooperation.

d

Question 13.6

Which of the following is NOT a downside of being in a group?

  1. Groups are positively prejudiced toward other members and tend to discriminate in their favour.

  2. Groups often show prejudice and discrimination toward nonmembers.

  3. Groups sometimes make poor decisions.

  4. Groups may take extreme actions an individual member would not take alone.

a

Question 13.7

Which of the following BEST describes reciprocal altruism?

  1. people becoming less concerned with personal values through immersion in a group

  2. anxiety, loneliness, and depression being caused by exclusion from a group

  3. cooperation extended over long periods of time

  4. the evolutionary process by which individuals cooperate with their relatives

c

Question 13.8

Which of the following is NOT an explanation for increased selectivity by women in choosing a mate?

  1. Sex is potentially more costly for women than for men.

  2. Communal styles of child-rearing argue for increased selectivity.

  3. The reputational costs of sex are historically much higher for women than for men.

  4. Pregnancy increases women’s nutritional requirements and puts them at risk of illness and death.

b

Question 13.9

In terms of attraction, which of the following is a situational factor?

  1. proximity

  2. similarity

  3. appearance

  4. personality

a

Question 13.10

The hypothesis that people remain in relationships only as long as they perceive a favourable ratio of costs to benefits is referred to as

  1. companionate love.

  2. the exposure effect.

  3. social exchange.

  4. equity.

c

Question 13.11

The ___________ motive describes how people are motivated to experience pleasure and to avoid experiencing pain.

  1. emotional

  2. accuracy

  3. approval

  4. hedonic

d

Question 13.12

The tendency to do what authorities tell us to do is known as

  1. persuasion.

  2. obedience.

  3. conformity.

  4. the actor–observer effect.

b

Question 13.13

What is the process by which people come to understand others?

  1. dispositional attribution

  2. the accuracy motive

  3. social cognition

  4. cognitive dissonance

c

Question 13.14

The tendency to make a dispositional attribution even when a person’s behaviour was caused by the situation is referred to as

  1. comparison levelling.

  2. stereotyping.

  3. covariation.

  4. correspondence bias.

d

547