Practice Testing

Using practice tests to self-test

High

Distributed practice

Spacing out over time your attempts to study the to-be-learned information.

High

Elaborative interrogation

Interpreting the information by thinking about its meaning and reflecting on its significance

Moderate

Self-explanation

Building new information on to information you’ve already learned

Moderate

Interleaved practice

Varying the types of materials studied during one study session

Moderate

Summarization

Writing notes of the key concepts

Low

Highlighting/underlining

Marking the key concepts so they stand out visually

Low

Keyword mnemonic

Pairing the concept’s keywords with mental images

Low

Imagery for text

Forming mental images of the information

Low

Rereading

Repeatedly reading the material

Low