Match each of the terms on the left with its definition on the right. Click on the term first and then click on the matching definition. As you match them correctly they will move to the bottom of the activity.
language grammar phoneme phonological rules morphemes morphological rules syntactical rules deep structure surface structure fast mapping telegraphic speech nativist theory genetic dysphasia aphasia concept family resemblance theory prototype exemplar theory category- rational choice theory frequency format hypothesis availability bias conjunction fallacy representativeness heuristic framing effects sunk- prospect theory intelligence ratio IQ deviation IQ two- fluid intelligence crystallized intelligence emotional intelligence fraternal twins (or dizygotic twins) identical twins (or monozygotic twins) shared environment nonshared environment | Those environmental factors that are experienced by all relevant members of a household (see nonshared environment). A set of rules that indicate how words can be combined to form phrases and sentences. A neurological syndrome that is characterized by an inability to recognize objects that belong to a particular category, although the ability to recognize objects outside the category is undisturbed. When people give different answers to the same problem depending on how the problem is phrased (or framed). The "best" or "most typical member" of a category. The smallest meaningful units of language. A statistic obtained by dividing a person's mental age by the person's physical age and then multiplying the quotient by 100 (see deviation IQ). How a sentence is worded. The fact that children can map a word onto an underlying concept after only a single exposure. The view that language development is best explained as an innate, biological capacity. People choose to take on risk when evaluating potential losses and avoid risks when evaluating potential gains. A set of rules that indicate how phonemes can be combined to produce speech sounds. The proposal that our minds evolved to notice how frequently things occur, not how likely they are to occur. When people think that two events are more likely to occur together than either individual event. The ability to retain and use knowledge that was acquired through experience. A theory of categorization that argues that we make category judgments by comparing a new instance with stored memories for other instances of the category. A framing effect in which people make decisions about a current situation based on what they have previously invested in the situation. Those environmental factors that are not experienced by all relevant members of a household (see shared environment). Members of a category have features that appear to be characteristic of category members but may not be possessed by every member. A system for communicating with others using signals that are combined according to rules of grammar and convey meaning. A mental representation that groups or categorizes shared features of related objects, events, or other stimuli. The meaning of a sentence. The ability to see abstract relationships and draw logical inferences. A mental shortcut that involves making a probability judgment by comparing an object or event to a prototype of the object or event. Spearman's theory suggesting that every task requires a combination of a general ability (which he called g) and skills that are specific to the task (which he called s). Twins who develop from two different eggs that were fertilized by two different sperm (see identical twins). The ability to direct one's thinking, adapt to one's circumstances, and learn from one's experiences. Speech that is devoid of function morphemes and consists mostly of content words. The smallest unit of sound that is recognizable as speech rather than as random noise. A set of rules that indicate how morphemes can be combined to form words. Difficulty in producing or comprehending language. A statistic obtained by dividing a person's test score by the average test score of people in the same age group and then multiplying the quotient by 100 (see ratio IQ). A syndrome characterized by an inability to learn the grammatical structure of language despite having otherwise normal intelligence. A set of rules that specify how the units of language can be combined to produce meaningful messages. The ability to reason about emotions and to use emotions to enhance reasoning. Twins who develop from the splitting of a single egg that was fertilized by a single sperm (see fraternal twins). Items that are more readily available in memory are judged as having occurred more frequently. The classical view that we make decisions by determining how likely something is to happen, judging the value of the outcome, and then multiplying the two. |