| Case Study | Description | Outcome |
| Phineas Gage | A railroad worker who survived after an iron rod blasted through his skull | Suggested the role that frontal lobes play in personality |
| H. M. | A man who suffered from profound memory loss following brain surgery | Showed how brain damage can be linked to memory loss |
| Little Albert | An 11-month-old who was conditioned to fear rats | Revealed the ability to classically condition fear in humans |
| The Genain Quadruplets | Identical quadruplet sisters who all developed schizophrenia | Demonstrated a genetic factor is involved in schizophrenia |
| “Rat Man” | A man with obsessive thoughts, including a punishment involving rats | Exemplified a case study on which Sigmund Freud based his theories |
| Lorenz’s Geese | Goslings that became attached to Konrad Lorenz | Documented the imprinting phenomenon |
| Summarized here are some of the most colorful case studies in the history of psychology. These classic studies have provided psychologists with valuable insights into human behaviors, and you will read about many of them in the chapters to come. |