| Concept | Symbol | Description |
| Sample Correlation coefficient | r | Represents the strength and direction of the relationship between two variables |
| F-test value | F | Used to measure the statistical significance of the differences among 3 or more means |
| t-test value | t | Used to measure the statistical significance of the difference between 2 means. |
| p-value | p | An indication of the probability of getting a test statistic of a certain size by chance |
| Population mean | μ | The mean of a population (pronounced “mew”) |
| Sample mean | M (or ) | The mean of a sample (pronounced “X-bar”) |
| Population standard deviation | σ | The standard deviation of the population; pronounced “sigma” |
| Sample standard deviation | s | The standard deviation of a sample |
| Population size | N | Indicates the size of a population |
| Sample size | n | Indicates the size of a sample |
| z-score | z | Indicates a standard score; number of standard deviations from the mean |