A forward arrow passes through three stages. Corresponding text reads, Behaviorists believe personality is the compilation of behaviors shaped through a lifetime of learning. A child who receives reinforcement for studying and effort in school will repeat this behavior, eventually exhibiting the personality characteristic studious. First stage is denoted as Child is praised for reading quietly. Second stage is denoted as Child receives attention for effort in school. The third stage is labeled as follows; Child is rewarded for school achievement.
Three factors are shown under Social-Cognitive Perspective on Personality are labeled cognition, behavior, and environment.
Text under cognition reads, thinking about behaviors and what they have led to in the past creates expectancies, predictions about what future outcomes will result from a behavior. When we recognize that past efforts to study usually resulted in good grades, we will expect that studying will lead to good grades in the future. Bandura calls this learned expectation of success self-efficacy. Accompanied photo shows a graduated girl student.
Text under behavior reads, Reinforced behaviors become more consistent over time. When an instructor praises our participation in class, that reinforcement will lead us to participate again. We also learn by observing others’ behaviors. If our classmates form a study group that helps them better understand the material, we may learn to adopt that technique. Accompanied photo shows a girl sitting on a study table and taking notes.
Text under environment reads, the environment can include the college you choose, the major you select, the classes you enroll in, and also the culture where you are a student. For example, in Chinese classrooms, struggle is assumed to be part of the learning process. However, in Western classrooms, struggle is often seen as a sign of lower ability. Citation, Li, 2005; Schleppenbach, Flevares, Sims, and Perry, 2007. The culture you live in—your environment—can influence how you think about your own skills and behaviors, and how hard you work at something that is difficult for you. Accompanied photo shows a front view of a university.
Cognition leads to behavior in the presence of expectancies influence behavior and behavior reverse back to cognition in the presence of, prior experiences create expectancies. A speech bubble pointing expectancies influence behavior reads, I get good grades when I study, so I will continue to do this. Another speech bubble pointing prior experiences create expectancies reads, When I study, I get good grades.
Behavior leads to environment in the presence of Behavior influences environment and environment reverse back to behavior in the presence of Environment influences behavior. A speech bubble pointing Behavior influences environment reads, I study hard and am a successful student, so I’ve chosen to go to college. Another speech bubble pointing Environment influences behavior reads, I’m a college student now, so I need to spend more time studying.
Environment leads to cognition in the presence of Environment influences expectancies and cognition reverse back to environment in the presence of Expectancies influence the environment you seek out.
Speech bubble pointing Environment influences expectancies reads, I am in college, so I know I can handle a busy schedule like other college students. Another speech bubble pointing Expectancies influence the environment you seek out reads, I will apply to college because I can succeed there.